Exam (elaborations)

Introduction To Programming COS1511

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Introduction To Programming COS1511

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Introduction To Programming COS1511

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Uploaded on October 16, 2024
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introduction to programming cos1511

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Course Introduction To Programming COS1511

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Introduction To Programming COS1511
IDE - ANSWERSIntegrated Development Environment

cout - ANSWERSStands for console output; the standard output stream object in C++;
used with the insertion operator to display information on the computer screen

#include <iostream> - ANSWERSThe include directive needed to allow use of the
various I/O operators such as cout and cin.

using namespace std; - ANSWERSDeclares that the program will be accessing entities
whose names are part of the namespace called std

int main() - ANSWERSThe header for the main function of the program, int tells
compiler function will be returning an integer (return 0;)

Statement Terminator - ANSWERSThe semicolon (;) is used to indicate the end of a
statement.

Comments - ANSWERSUsing descriptive text to explain portions of code. Comments
do not change the way a robot behaves, but are important for the programmer to
remember what the code does.

endl; - ANSWERSA stream manipulator used with cout that can be used to advance
the cursor to the next line on the computer screen

Syntax Rules - ANSWERSProgramming syntax rules must be followed for the compiler
to understand you

Good Programming Style - ANSWERSLeaving open lines, putting statements on
seperate lines, using comments in code, indenting code etc.

BODMAS - ANSWERSBrackets, Order, Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction

Data Type: Integer - ANSWERSInteger numerical ; No decimals/fractions (Even with
division); Positive and Negative Numbers;

Variable - ANSWERSWe declare a var with a name so we can refer to the value stored
in the memory position in a program; Use meaningful names; Always declare or
initialise before use.

Variable and Function Name Rules - ANSWERSCannot start with a numeric character,
but numbers and all letters can be used after that; Can start with or have an underscore
_ ; Cannot used reserved names, eg. int, return. Case Sensitive. Can use
CamelNotation.

, Modulo (or "mod") - ANSWERSthe name of the mathematical operation. Modulo gives
the remainder from dividing two numbers. For example: 17 MOD 13 is 4.
X MOD 1 is always 0.

Assignment Operator - ANSWERSThe '=' character causes the compiler or interpreter
to evaluate to the expression on its right and store the result in the variable(s) on its left.
Variable = Expression;

Compound Assignment Operator - ANSWERSan operator that combines assignment
(setting value of the variable) with another operation, such as addition or subtraction.

Unary Increment and Decrement Operators - ANSWERSThese operators (++, --)
together with the variable they are operating on, return a value, which depends on if
operator is used in prefix or postfix form.

Prefix Form (++i or--i) - ANSWERSFirst increments/decrements the variable, then uses
the incremented value in the expression.

Postfix Form (i++ or i--) - ANSWERSFirst uses the current variable value in the
expression, and then increments/decrements the variable.

Variable Diagrams - ANSWERSCan be used to work out what complicated programs
do, help you find bugs in your program.

Data type: double - ANSWERSFundamental data type built into compiler used to define
numeric variables holding numbers with decimal points.

Data Type: Float - ANSWERSShortened term for Floating Point; Fundamental data
type built into compiler used to define numerical variables with floating decimal points.

cout.setf(ios::fixed) - ANSWERSSets numbers to non-scientific

cout.precision(2); - ANSWERSSets decimals to 2, default is 6

Implicit Conversion / Coercion - ANSWERSA conversion from one data type to another
that occurs automatically by the compiler, information can be lost (eg, conversion of
Float to Int)

Explicit Conversion / Type Casting - ANSWERSThe data type transformation caused
using a cast operator. We place value to be converted in parenthesis and procede it
withnthe type we wish to convert it to.

Scientific Notation - ANSWERSC++ outputs floating point in fixed or scientific notation,
which is a method of writing or displaying numbers in terms of a decimal number
between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10. Prevented using cout:setf(ios::fixed)

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