ENGR 202 Exam Questions With Correct
Answers
Environment - answer-the aggregate of surrounding things, conditions or influences, especially
as affecting existence or development of someone or something
-physical: air,water,land,ocean,rivers,forests
State of Environment - answer-directly and in...
Environment - answer✔-the aggregate of surrounding things, conditions or influences, especially
as affecting existence or development of someone or something
-physical: air,water,land,ocean,rivers,forests
State of Environment - answer✔-directly and indirectly affects the viability of all living things
on the planet
Framing Environmental Issues - answer✔-human activity influences the environment
-humans demand food and shelter which kills living things as well as ressources
-as population increases, lands are altered for homes, industrial processes, transportation and
agriculture
-lots of waste emissions
Enter Public Policy - answer✔-potential changes in the env are of sufficient concern to adopt
policy mesures (laws) to prevent, alter or reverse changes
-important approach is benefits clearly outweighs the cost of measures taken
*lowest cost*
Environmental Policy - answer✔-fairness, equity, everyone deserves clean air
-basic ethics; protect endangered species
Role of Engineering - answer✔-engineers are primarily involved in problems related to
technology, development and deployment
-design and building manufacturing processes, industrial technology and transportation
infrastructure needed to extract, transport and refine raw materials
Anthropogenic Environmental Change - answer✔1. Changes in land use
2.Changes induced by emissions/residues
Green Engineering - answer✔-engineers are now forced to safely dispose of their technologies
once the consummer "throws them" ex: IBM in Germany
-this makes engineers rethink design by eliminating toxic materials
-this reduces environmental impacts without comprimising the product's performance or adding
to its cost
Sources of Environmental Impacts - answer✔1. Material Selection
2. Manufacturing Process
3. Energy Use
Materials Selection - answer✔-the choice of an engineers materials will directly effect the
environment
-as well as quantity (environmentally preferable)
Manufacturing Process - answer✔-turning raw material into finished materials and produtcs
1. digging out raw material
2. refining
3. transportation
4. transformation
5. assembly into final products
-every step releases waste
-environmental engineering involved developing additional technology and methods for cleaning
up the process
Energy Use - answer✔-the most pervasive and most important
-quantities and types of energies directly effect the environment quality (heating, cooling,
electricity, gasoline, other fuels)
-most energy comes from fossil fuels (oil, coal and natural gas)
-any engineering improvement that reduces the energy required for a particular service will be
beneficial
Life Cycle Perspective - answer✔-an environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) provides the
big picture of how engineering decisions effect the environment
1. Material Extraction
2.Material Processing
3. Manufacturing
4. Use
5. Waste Management
-improvements result from creating cleaner, more efficient manufacturing operations
Industrial Ecology - answer✔-the perspectives of a LCA provide the foundation for more
comprehensive view of design for the environment
-it is the means by which humans can deliberately and rationally approach and maintain desirable
carrying capacity, given continued economic, cultural and technological evolution
-optimize: resources, energy and capital
Sustainable Development - answer✔-development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs
Industrial Ecology should include: - answer✔1. Circulating and reusing material flows within the
system
2. Reducing the amount of materials used in products to achieve a particular function
3. Protecting living organisms by minimizing or eliminating the flow of harmful substances
4. Minimizing the use of energy and the flow of waste heat back to the environment
Conservation of Mass - answer✔-mass can neither be created nor destroyed
-total mass within system must remain constant
(Total flow in)=(Total flow out) + (Rate of mass storage)
-For steady state (m in)=(m out
)
-purpose is to provide quantifying flows of materials and the fate of substances in the
environment
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