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GLY2010 Exam 2 Questions And Accurate Answers
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GLY2010 Exam 2 Questions AndAccurate Answers
Rock classes - Answer sedimentary, metamorphic, igneous
cooling rates and crystal sizes - Answer faster cooling magma= smaller crystals (don't
have much time to form)
types of igneous rocks - Answer intrusive and extrusive
intrusive igneous rocks - Answer intrusive (plutonic) melts cool below ground
intrudes into pre-existing wall rock
MAGMA
*diorite, granite, pegmatite*
extrusive igneous rock - Answer rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of
lava at Earth's surface
LAVA
Lava flows- streams/mounds of cool melts
Pyroclastic debris- cooled fragments
*andesite, basalt, pumice, obsidian, tuff*
types of sedimentary rocks - Answer clastic, chemical, biochemical
clastic sedimentary rocks - Answer sedimentary rocks made from weathered sediments
of other rocks
CEMENTED CLASTS
*breccia, sandstone, mudstone, greywacke, shale*
chemical sedimentary rocks - Answer rocks formed from minerals precipitated from a
solution or left behind by evaporation
*limestone, chert, coal, rock salt, dolostone, gypsum*
biochemical sedimentary rocks - Answer A sedimentary rock that forms from the
chemical activities of organisms
CONTAINS FOSSILS
*coquina*
, types of metamorphic rocks - Answer classified as foliated or not foliated
foliated metamorphic rocks - Answer Metamorphic rocks that have bands or stripes.
what are the types of foliated metamorphic rocks? - Answer gneiss, slate, schist
Non-Foliated Metamorphic Rocks - Answer quartzite and marble
magma vs lava - Answer magma-underground
lava-above ground
bowen's reaction series - Answer the simplified pattern that illustrates the order in
which minerals crystallize from cooling magma according to their chemical composition
and melting point
fractional crystallization - Answer changes in melt composition due to crystal formation
and setting
Fe, Mg, Ca are removed as early mafic minerals settle out
remaining melt becomes enriched in Si, Al, Na, K
magma formation - Answer Magma only forms in special tectonic settings: due to
decompression melting (liquidus conditions in which rock completely melts)
-mantle plumes
-beneath rift zones
-beneath MOR
partial melting - Answer result of decompression melting, transformation of some part of
the rock to liquid from solid
mechanisms of magma formation - Answer only in lower crust and upper athenosphere
decompression melting
addition of volatiles
heat transfer melting
volatiles - Answer addition of volatiles to magma formation can trigger flux melting
volatiles help break chemical bonds , effectively lower the melting temperature of a hot
rock (usually seen at subduction zones)
viscosity - Answer the resistance to fluid/flow (lower viscocity flows easily)
magma viscocity depends on: silica content (higher SiO content= higher viscosity), temp
(higher temp= lower viscocity), volatile content (more volatiles = lower viscosity)
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