Cardiovascular Regulation Review Questions with Complete Solutions Graded A+
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Course
Cardiovascular Regulation
Institution
Cardiovascular Regulation
Cardiovascular Regulation Review Questions with Complete Solutions Graded A+
tissue perfusion - Answers blood flow through tissue; necessary to meet demand for oxygen and nutrients; cardiovascular activity is regulated by homeostatic mechanisms to ensure it is done appropriately
factors affecting...
Cardiovascular Regulation Review Questions with Complete Solutions Graded A+
tissue perfusion - Answers blood flow through tissue; necessary to meet demand for oxygen and
nutrients; cardiovascular activity is regulated by homeostatic mechanisms to ensure it is done
appropriately
purpose of cardiovascular regulation - Answers to ensure that blood flow changes occur at an
appropriate time, in the right area, and without drastically changing blood pressure and blood flow to
vital organs
circulation - Answers when a group of cells becomes active, _______ to that region must increase to
deliver necessary oxygen and nutrients, and carry away waste products and CO2
regulatory mechanisms - Answers autoregulation, neural mechanisms, and endocrine mechanisms; all
focus on controlling cardiac output and blood pressure to restore adequate blood pressure and blood
flow after a fall in blood pressure
autoregulation - Answers local factors that change the pattern of blood flow within capillary beds in
response to chemical changes in interstitial fluids; causes immediate, localized homeostatic
adjustments; if fails, other two mechanisms are activated
local vasodilators - Answers makes adjustments in autoregulation; promotes dilation of precapillary
sphincters to accelerate blood flow through their tissue of origin to bring in oxygen, nutrients, and
buffers in an attempt to restore homeostasis
local vasoconstrictors - Answers makes adjustments in autoregulation; stimulate constriction of
precapillary sphincters thus limiting blood flow through their tissues
cellular activity - Answers local vasodilators relax smooth muscle cells of precapillary sphincters;
decreased tissue O2 or increased CO2 levels, increased acids generated by cells such as lactic acid,
increased nitric oxide (NO) released from endothelial cells, rising concentration of potassium ions or
hydrogen ions in the interstitial fluids, chemicals released during local inflammation including histamine
and nitric oxide, and elevated local temperature all indicate _________ ________
contraction - Answers local vasoconstrictors stimulate __________ of smooth muscle cells of
precapillary sphincters; prostaglandins and thromboxanes released by activated platelets and white
blood cells, endothelins released by damaged endothelial cells
neural mechanisms - Answers respond to changes in arterial pressure or blood gas levels at specific
sites; when changes occur cardiovascular centers in the autonomic nervous system adjust cardiac output
and peripheral resistance to maintain blood pressure and ensure adequate blood flow to tissue
cardiac centers, vasomotor centers - Answers centers for control of neural mechanisms are located in
the medulla oblongata of brain stem and are known as _____ ______ and ________ ________
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