Tuesday 14 May 2024 – Afternoon
GCSE (9–1) Ancient History
J198/01 Greece and Persia
Time allowed: 2 hours
Turn over
, 2
Section A
The Persian Empire, 559–465 BC
1
(a) Identify one of the names of the man overthrown by Darius in 522 BC. [1]
(b) Identify two of Darius’ building / engineering projects. [2]
(c) Name the region of the Persian Empire which revolted in 499 BC. [1]
2 Outline how Cyrus treated the peoples that he conquered. [6]
Passage A
[1-6] A great god is Ahuramazda, who created this earth, who created heaven, who created man,
who created happiness for man, who made Xerxes king, one king of many kings, commander of
many commanders.
[6-11] I am Xerxes, the great king, the king of kings, the king of all countries and many men, the
king in this great earth far and wide, the son of Darius, an Achaemenid.
[11-17] King Xerxes says: by the favour of Ahuramazda this Gate of All Nations I built. Much else
that is beautiful was built in this Persepolis, which I built and my father built. Whatever has been
built and seems beautiful - all that we built by the favour of Ahuramazda.
[17-20] King Xerxes says: may Ahuramazda preserve me, my kingdom, what has been built by me,
and what has been built by my father.
Text known as XPa, inscribed in the walls of the Gate of all Nations
3 Using details from Passage A and your own knowledge, what can we learn about the way that
Xerxes saw himself as King of Persia? [10]
4 Using details from Passage A and your own knowledge, how significant were the actions of the
previous Persian kings in influencing the activities of Xerxes? [15]
5* ‘Persian kings were civilised and tolerant.’
To what extent do you agree with this view? [20]
! Spelling, punctuation and grammar and the use of specialist terminology [5]
, 3
Section B
From Tyranny to Democracy, 546–483 BC
6
(a) Name the person who introduced social and economic reforms to Athens in 594 BC. [1]
(b) State two of the economic reforms undertaken by the Peisistratids in Athens. [2]
(c) Name the two families who were rivals for power in Athens in 510 BC. [2]
Passage B
First, he [Polycrates] divided the city into three parts, and gave a share in its governance to his
brothers, Pantagnotus and Syloson. After a short while, however, he had Pantagnotus killed, and
banished Syloson, the younger brother; thus, he made himself the ruler of all Samos. Subsequently,
he drew up a treaty with Amasis, the king of Egypt, and there was an exchange of gifts between the
two. Shortly after this, Polycrates’ power and reputation grew so much that he was famous in Ionia
and all across the Greek territories, because all of his military campaigns were successful. He had
150 triremes and 1,000 archers, and he plundered everywhere indiscriminately... He captured a
great many of the islands, and several mainland cities as well.
Herodotus, Histories 3.39
7 What can we learn from Passage B about Polycrates’ leadership of Samos? [5]
8 Using details from Passage B, how accurate do you think Herodotus’ account of these events is?
[5]
9 Explain the significance of Cleisthenes to the events that led to the removal of tyranny in Athens.
[10]
10* ‘The introduction of democracy in Athens only created problems for the Athenians.’
To what extent do you agree with this view?
You must use and analyse the ancient sources you have studied as well as supporting your
answer with your own knowledge. [20]
Turn over
, 4
Section C
Athens in the Age of Pericles, 462–429 BC
11
(a) Give two details about the job of an Athenian magistrate. [2]
(b) State the length of time an Athenian citizen was ostracized for. [1]
(c) Name two functions of the Athenian Agora. [2]
Passage C
We women are the most miserable. First, we must buy (at an overinflated price) a husband,
master of our body (this misfortune is even worse than misfortune itself). The best part of our
lives’ struggles hinge on this: whether we take a bad husband, or a good one. For divorce is
dishonourable for women, and we cannot refuse marriage. And when a woman enters her
husband’s house, with its new rules and customs, she must be a mind-reader, if she did not learn it
at home, as to how best to deal with her husband.
We, however, must set our sights on one single person. Men claim we live a risk-free life at home,
whilst they fight with the spear – Rubbish! I would rather stand in battle with a shield three times
than give birth once.
Euripides, Medea lines 230–51
12 What can we learn from Passage C about the portrayal of women’s lives in Athens? [5]
13 Using details from Passage C, how accurate do you think Euripides’ Medea is about the
portrayal of women’s lives in Athens? [5]
14 Explain the significance of Pericles as a military leader of Athens. [10]
15* ‘Athenian festivals were the most significant cultural success of Athens during the years
462–429 BC.’
How far do you agree with this view?
You must use and analyse the ancient sources you have studied as well as supporting your
answer with your own knowledge. [20]
