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PLSC 10 EXAM #1 questions & answers graded A+ (6)
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PLSC 10 EXAM #1 questions & answers graded A+ (6)
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PLSC 10 EXAM #1 questions & answersgraded A+ (6)
Science - correct answer ✔✔A systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of
testable explanations and predictions about the universe
Structure of scientific inquiry - correct answer ✔✔Causal theory
Hypothesis
Empirical test
Evaluation of hypothesis
Evaluation of causal theory
scientific theory
Theory - correct answer ✔✔A tentative conjecture about the causes of some phenomenon of interest.
Theory is probabilistic, not deterministic. Theories are usually general and apply
Hypothesis - correct answer ✔✔A theory-based statement about a relationship that we expect to
observe. Because hypotheses involve restating theories in more operational terms, a single theory can
generate many testable hypotheses.
Empirical tests - correct answer ✔✔Systematic gathering and analysis of relevant evidence from the real
world.
Variables - correct answer ✔✔A key element of theory development and hypothesis testing is thinking
about our phenomena of interest as variables
independent variable - correct answer ✔✔Causes an outcome
dependent variable - correct answer ✔✔the outcome that has been caused
, Causal mechanisms - correct answer ✔✔Why is the IV causally related to the DV
Idiographic explanation - correct answer ✔✔Seeks to explain a particular event exhaustively. Exhausts all
idiosyncratic causes of an event
Nomenthic Explanation - correct answer ✔✔Seeks to explain classes of events. Seeks to do so by using
as few explanatory factors as possible.
Axioms - correct answer ✔✔Fundamental assertions that are generally accepted as self-evidently true,
or assumed to be true
Proposition - correct answer ✔✔Specific conclusions about the relationships between concepts that are
derived from the axiomatic background
Good hypotheses are... - correct answer ✔✔1. Declarative statements
2. Identify the direction of the relationship
3. Specific
Deductive theory generation process - correct answer ✔✔1. A logical model in which specific
expectations and hypotheses are developed from general principals
2. You develop your theory by researching what other relevant research has said the variables you are
studying and logically reasoning from that theory to the specific topic you are studying
Inductive theory generation process - correct answer ✔✔1. A logical model in which general principals
are developed from specific observations
2. In the inductive approach you develop theory by observing how specific events have unfolded, and
seek to discover if that points to a general pattern
External criteria for a theory - correct answer ✔✔1. Does your theory answer an interesting question?
2. How parsimonious is it?
3. Is it novel?
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