PATHO
v PHYSIOLOG
Y9TH
v
EDITION
v MCCANCE
v TEST BANK v
LATEST REVISED v
,Chapter v1: vCellular vBiology
MULTIPLE vCHOICE
1. Which v component v of v the v cell v prodNuU
ceRsSIhNyGdTr oBg.CeOn vM
peroxide v (H2 O2 ) v by v using
v oxygen v to v remove v hydrogen v atoms v from v specific v substrates v in v an v oxidative
v reaction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. v Oxyhydrosomes
ANS: v B
Peroxisomes v are v so v named v because v they v usually v contain v enzymes v that v use v oxygen
v to v remove v hydrogen v atoms v from v specific v substrates v in v an v oxidative v reaction v that
v produces v H 2 O 2 , v which v is v a v powerful v oxidant v and v potentially v destructive v if v it
v accumulates v or v escapes v from v peroxisomes. v Ribosomes v are v RNA-protein v complexes
v (nucleoproteins) v that v are v synthesized v in v the v nucleolus v and v secreted v into v the
v cytoplasm v through v pores v in v the v nuclear v envelope v called v nuclear vpore vcomplexes.
v Lysosomes v are v saclike v structures v that v originate v from v the v Golgi v complex v and
v contain v more v than v 40 v digestive v enzymes v called v hydrolases, v which vcatalyze vbonds
v in v proteins, v lipids, v nucleic vacids, vand v carbohydrates. v Oxyhydrosomesvare vinvolved v in
v enzyme v production.
PTS: v v v 1 REF: v Page v 8
2. Which vstatement v best v describes v the v cellular v function v of v metabolic v absorption?
a. Cells v can v produce v proteins. c. Cells v can v take vin v and v use v nutrients.
b. Cells vcan v secrete v digestive venzymes. d. v Cells v can v synthesize vfats.
ANS: v C
In v metabolic v absorption, v all v cells v take vin v and v use vnutrients v and v other vsubstances v from
v theirvsurroundings. v The v remaining v options v are v not v inclusive v in v their v descriptions v of
v cellular v metabolic vabsorption.
PTS: v v v 1 REF: v Page v 2
3. Most v of v a vcell’s v genetic v information, v including v RNA vand v DNA, v is v contained v in v the:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. v v v Lysosome
ANS: v C
The v nucleus v contains v the v nucleolus, v a v small v dense v structure v composed v largely v of
v RNA, v most v of v the v cellular v DNA, v and v the v DNA-binding v proteins, v such v as v the
v histones, v which v regulate vits v activity. v The v other v options v do v not v contain v most v of v a
vcell’s v genetic v information.
PTS: v v v 1 REF: v Page v 2
4. Which vcell v component v is vcapable v of v cellular v autodigestion v when v it v is vreleased
v during vcellvinjury?
a. Ribosome c. Smooth vendoplasmic vreticulum
b. Golgi v complex d.
v LysosomesvANS: v D
, The v lysosomal v membrane v acts v as v a v protective v shield v between v the v powerful
v digestive v enzymes v within v the v lysosome v and v the v cytoplasm, v preventing v their v leakage
v into v the v cytoplasmic v matrix. v Disruption v of v the v membrane v by v various v treatments v or
v cellular v injury v leads v to v a v release v of v the v lysosomal v enzymes, v which v can v then v react
v with v their v specific v substrates, v causing v cellular vself-digestion. v The vother voptions v do
v not v correctly v describe vthisvprocess.
PTS: v v v 1 REF: v Pages v 7-8
5. What v is v the v sequence v of v steps v in v the v development v of v a vdigestive v enzyme v by v the
v pancreasvcells v from v the v initial v transcription v to v the v release v from v the v cell?
a. The venzyme v is v transcribed v from v DNA v by vRNA v in v the v nucleus,
v proceeds v to v thevribosome v for v synthesis, v and v is v transported v in v a
v secretory v vesicle v to v the v cell v membrane.
b. The v enzyme v is v transcribed v from v RNA v by v DNA v in v the v nucleus, v proceeds v to
v the v lysosome vfor vsynthesis, v and v is v transported vin v an vencapsulated vmembrane
v to vthe v cellvmembrane.
c. The v enzyme v is v transcribed v by v the v mitochondria v in v the v nucleus, v proceeds
v to v the v ribosome vfor vsynthesis, v and v is v transported v in va vcytoskeleton v to v the
vcell v membrane.
d. The v enzyme v is v transcribed v from v DNA v by v RNA v in v the v nucleus, v proceeds
v to v the v Golgi v complex v for vsynthesis, v and vis v transported v in v a vcytosol v to vthe
v cell v membrane.
ANS: v A
The venzyme v is v transcribed v from v DNA vby vRNA vin v the v nucleus, v proceeds v to v the
v ribosomevfor v synthesis, v and v is v transported v in v a v secretory v vesicle v to v the v cell
v membrane. v The v other v options v do v not v correctly v describe v this v process.
NURSINGTB.COM
PTS: v v v 1 REF: v Page v 7 v | vFigure v 1-5
6. During vwhich v phase vof v the v cell v cycle v is vDNA v synthesized?
a. G1 c. G 2
b. S d. v M
ANS: v B
The v four v designated v phases v of v the v cell v cycle v are: v (1) v the v G1 v phase v (G v = v gap),
v which v is v the v period v between v the v M v phase v(M v = vmitosis) v and v the v start v of v DNA
v synthesis; v (2) v the v S v phasev(S v = v synthesis), v during v which v DNA v is v synthesized v in v the
v cell v nucleus; v (3) v the v G 2 v phase, v during v which v RNA v and v protein v synthesis v occurs,
v the v period v between v the v completion v of v DNA v synthesis v and v the v next v phase v (M);
v and v (4) v the v M v phase, v which v includes v nuclear v and v cytoplasmic v division.
PTS: v v v 1 REF: v Page v 37
7. What vorganic v compound v facilitates v transportation v across v cell v membranes v by
vacting v asvreceptors, v transport v channels v for velectrolytes, v and v enzymes v to v drive
v active v pumps?
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. v Carbohydrates
ANS: v C
, Proteins v act v as v (1) v recognition v and v binding v units v(receptors) v for v substances v moving
vin v and vout v of v the v cell; v (2) v pores v or v transport v channels v for v various v electrically
v charged v particles v called vions vor velectrolytes vand v specific v carriers v for v amino vacids
v and v monosaccharides; v and
(3) v specific v enzymes v that v drive v active v pumps v that v promote v the v concentration v of
v certainvions, v particularly vpotassium v (K + ), v within v the vcell v while v keeping
v concentrations v of vothervions, v for v example, v sodium v (Na+ ), v below v the
v concentrations v found v in v the v extracellular v environment. v The v other v options v do
v not v correctly vdescribe v this v process.
PTS: v v v 1 REF: v Page v 13 v | vPage v 15
8. Understanding v the v various v steps v of v proteolytic v cascades, v such v as v caspase-
mediated v apoptosis v and v complement v cascades, v may vbe vuseful v in v designing v drug
v therapy v for v whichvhuman v diseases?
a. Cardiac vand v vascular vdisorders
b. Autoimmune vand v malignant v disorders
c. Gastrointestinal vand vrenal v disorders
d. Endocrine vand v gastrointestinal vdisorders
ANS: v B
Understanding v the v various v steps v involved v in v this v process v is v crucial v for v designing
v drug v interventions. v Dysregulation v of v proteases v features v prominently vin v many
vhuman v diseases,vincluding v cancer, v autoimmunity, v and v neurodegenerative v disorders.
v The v other v options v dovnot v correctly vdescribe v this v process.
PTS: v v v 1 REF: v Page v 15
9. Which vstructure vprevents v water-soluble v molecules v from v entering v cells v across v the
vplasma v NURSINGTB.COM
membrane?
a. Carbohydrate v chains c. Membrane v channel v proteins
b. Glycoprotein v channels d. v Lipid v bilayer
ANS: v D
The v bilayer’s v structure v accounts v for v one v of v the v essential v functions v of v the v plasma
v membrane. v It v is vimpermeable v to v most vwater-soluble vmolecules v (molecules v that
v dissolve vinvwater) v because v the v water-soluble v molecules v are v insoluble v in v the v oily
v core v region. v The v bilayer v serves v as v a v barrier v to v the v diffusion v of v water v and
v hydrophilic v substances v while v allowing v lipid-soluble v molecules, v such v as v oxygen
v (O 2 ) v and v carbon v dioxide v (CO 2 ), v to v diffuse vthrough v it v readily. v The v other v options
v do v not v correctly vdescribe v this v process.
PTS: v v v 1 REF: v Pages v 12-13
10. The v fluid v mosaic v model v explains:
a. How va v cell v membrane v functions
b. Why vour v bodies v appear v to v be v solid
c. How vtissue v is vdifferentiated
d. How vfluid v moves v between v the vintracellular v and v extracellular v compartments
ANS: v A
The vfluid v mosaic v model v accounts v for v the v flexibility vof v cellular v membranes, v their
self-sealing vproperties, v and v their vimpermeability vto v many vsubstances. v The v remaining
voptions v do v not v explain v the v mosaic v model.
