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NUR3196 Pharm-Patho Exam 1 Learning Outcomes Questions With Complete Solutions
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NUR3196 Pharm-Patho Exam 1 Learning Outcomes Questions With Complete Solutions
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NUR3196 Pharm-Patho Exam 1 Learning OutcomesQuestions With Complete Solutions
2 Ways to classify drugs Correct Answer Therapeutic: clearly
states what a particular drug does clinically EX: antidepressant
Pharmacological: addresses a drugs mechanism of actions aka
how the drug produces its effect on the body EX: calcium
channel blockers treat this disorder by decreasing cardiac
contractility
A drugs pharmacological classification is more specific than a
therapeutic classification and requited more in depth knowledge
of science to understand.
3 checks of drug administration Correct Answer 1. Check the
drug with the MAR when removing it from the medication
drawer, fridge, or controlled substance locker
2. Check the drug when preparing it, pouring it, taking it out of
the container, or connecting to the IV
3. Check the drug before administering it to the patient
3 General categories of medications Correct Answer Drugs,
Biologics or Biosimilars, and CAM (complementary or
alternative medicine therapy)
Actual diagnosis Correct Answer - Diagnostic statement
- Related factor or inferred cause
- Evidence to support statement
Adolescents drug response Correct Answer - Between ages 13
and 16 years old
- Need support, approval, and presence
,- Educate about
Hazards of tobacco and substance abuse
Sexual intercourse
Eating disorders
- Provide important medication information
- Allow time for questions
- Allow privacy and control
Advantages of enteral route of administration Correct Answer -
Convenient
- Overdose can be countered by retrieval of undigested
medicines through vomiting
- Safest route because skin barrier not compromised
- Uses vast absorptive surfaces of the oral mucosa, stomach, or
small intestine
Agonists Correct Answer - Bind to the receptor
- Produce the same response as endogenous chemical
- Sometimes produce greater maximal response
Antagonists Correct Answer - Occupy receptor
- Prevent endogenous chemical from acting
- Often compete with agonists for receptor
- Functional Antagonists inhibit the effects of an agonist not by
competing for a receptor, but by changing pharmacokinetic
factors
Autosomal Dominance Correct Answer Pairing of autosomal
dominant genes is rare
(figure A) - requires the mating of 2 individuals with the same
rare autosomal dominant disease
,(figure B) Affected offspring ~ 50% , produced by the union of
a normal parent with an affected heterozygous parent.
Autosomal Recessive Correct Answer The important criteria
for discerning autosomal recessive inheritance include the
following:
- Males and females - affected in equal proportions.
- Consanguinity (marriage between related individuals)
sometimes present, especially for rare recessive diseases.
- The disease may be seen in siblings of affected individuals but
usually not in their parents.
- On average, one fourth of the offspring of carrier parents will
be affected.
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Correct Answer
This branch of the FDA regulates the use of biologics, including
serums, vaccines, and blood products.
Center for drug evaluation and research Correct Answer the
branch of the FDA has control over if prescription/over the
counter drugs may be used for therapy. Their mission is
"facilitating the availability of safe, effective drugs; keeping
unsafe or ineffective drugs off the market; improving the health
of Americans; and providing clear, easily understandable drug
information for safe and effective use".
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) Correct
Answer This branch of the FDA oversees administration of
herbal products and dietary supplements
, Community and Environmental effects on pharmacology
Correct Answer - Population growth
- Complex technology advances
- Evolving globalization patterns
- Population density
- Age distribution
- Socioeconomic levels
- Occupational patterns
- Industrial growth
- Obstacles to access health care*
- Literacy*
Convey how genetic polymorphisms can influence
pharmacotherapy Correct Answer Some polymorphisms result
in changes in drug metabolism, with patients being classified as
either poor, intermediate, extensive, or ultra-rapid metabolizers.
Pharmacogenetics—study of genetic variations (often caused by
a single gene)that give rise to differences in drug responses
- First recognized in 1950s due to interethnic differences in
adverse effects to certain drugs
- 99.8% human DNA alike; 0.2% may result in these significant
differences in ability to handle certain drugs
- DNA responsible for encoding a certain metabolic enzyme
- Creating Genetic Polymorphism: two or more versions of the
same enzyme
- Best characterized genetic polymorphisms have been
discovered in enzymes such as cytochrome P450 (CYP450)
(metabolize drugs)
- Can increase/decrease metabolism of certain drugs
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