human anatomy and physiology (bio 235) Final-Version-A study notes verified 100%
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Course
Bio 235
Institution
Bio 235
human anatomy and physiology (bio 235) Final-Version-A study notes verified 100%human anatomy and physiology (bio 235) Final-Version-A study notes verified 100%
Final Review Version A
Chapter 19: The Cardiovascular System: The Blood
• Buffy Coat: The fraction of an ant...
Chapterjd19:jdThejdCardiovascularjdSystem:jdThejdBlood
• BuffyjdCoat:jdThejdfractionjdofjdanjdanticoagulatedjdbloodjdsamplejdthatjdcontainsjdmostjdofjdt
hejdWBCsjdandjdplatelets.jd(Pagejd662)
• PlasmajdProteins:jdProteinsjdconfinedjdtojdblood;jdinclude:jdalbumins,jdglobulin,jdan
djdfibrinogen.jd(Pagejd664)
• Whitejdbloodjdcellsjd(WBCs)jdorjdleukocytesjdprotectjdthejdbodyjdfromjdinvadingjdpathogensjdan
djdotherjdforeignjdsubstances.jdTherejdarejdseveraljdtypesjdofjdWBCs.jdEachjdtypejdofjdWBCjdcon
tributesjdinjditsjdownjdwayjdtojdthejdbody'sjddefensejdmechanisms.jd(Pagejd664)
o MajorjdFunction:jdCombatjdpathogensjdandjdotherjdforeignjdsubstancesjdthatjdenterjdth
ejdbody.jd(Pagejd675)
• Hemopoiesis:jdThejdprocessjdbyjdwhichjdthejdformedjdelementsjdofjdbloodjddevelop;jdoccursjdinjdr
edjdbonejdmarrow.jd(Pagejd665)
• Thrombopoietinjd(TPO):jdAjdhormonejdproducedjdbyjdthejdliverjdthatjdstimulatesjdthejdformatio
njdofjdplateletsjdfromjdmegakaryocytes.jd(Pagejd667)
o Megakaryoblasts:jdPrecursorjdcellsjdthatjdtransformjdintojdmegakaryocytesjd(Pagejd674)
• MajorjdHistocompatibilityjd(MHC)jdAntigen:j d Surfacejdproteinsjdonjdwhitejdbloodjdcellsjdan
djdotherjdnucleatedjdcellsjdthatjdarejduniquejdforjdeachjdpersonjd(exceptjdforjdidenticaljdsiblings);jd
usedjdtojdtypejdtissuesjdandjdhelpjdpreventjdrejectionjdofjdtransplantedjdtissues.jdAlsojdknownjdasjd
human
leukocytejdantigensjd(HLA).jd(Pagejd672)
• Whatjdcelljdsecretesjdlysozyme?jdNeutrophilsjd(Pagejd673)
• Majorjdfunctionjdofjderythrocytes:jdHemoglobinjdwithinjdRBCsjdtransportsjdmostjdoxygenjdan
djdpartjdofjdcarbonjddioxidejdinjdthejdblood.jd(Pagejd675)
• ExtrinsicjdPathway:jdOccursjdrapidly;jdtissuejdfactorjd(TF)jdleakingjdintojdthejdbloodjdfromjdcel
lsjdoutsidejdbloodjdvesselsjdandjdinitiatesjdthejdformationjdofjdprothrombinase.jdProthrombinas
ejdconvertsjdprothrombinjdintojdthejdenzymejdthrombin.jdThrombinjdconvertsjdsolublejdfibrino
genjdintojdinsolublejdfibrin;jdfibrinjdformsjdthejdthreadsjdofjdthejdclot.jd(Pagejd678)
• Differencejdbetweenjdthrombusjdandjdembolusjd(Pagejd680)
o Thrombus:jdAjdclotjdformedjdinjdanjdunbrokenjdvesseljd(usuallyjdajdvein)
o Embolus:jdAjdbloodjdclot,jdbubblejdofjdair,jdfatjdfromjdbrokenjdbones,jdorjdajdpiecejdofjddebr
isjdtransportedjdbyjdthejdbloodstream.
• Agglutinins:jdAntibodiesjdthatjdreactjdwithjdthejdAjdorjdBjdantigensjdifjdthejdtwojdarejdmixed.
o Anti-AjdAntibody:jdReactsjdwithjdantigenjdA
o Anti-BjdAntibody:jdReactsjdwithjdantigenjdBjd(Pagejd681)
• Agglutination:jdAnjdantigen-antibodyjdresponsejdinjdwhichjdRBCsjdbecomejdcross-
linkedjdtojdonejdanotherjd(Pagejd681)
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