INSTRUCTOR’S
SOLUTIONS MANUAL
JAMES LAPP
Colorado Mesa University
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BIOSTATISTICS
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BIOLOGICAL
FOR THE
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AND HEALTH SCIENCES
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SECOND EDITION
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Marc Triola
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New York University School of Medicine
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Mario F. Triola
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Dutchess Community College
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Jason Roy
University of Pennsylvania Perelman
School of Medicine
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The author and publisher of this book have used their best efforts in preparing this book. These efforts include the
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development, research, and testing of the theories and programs to determine their effectiveness. The author and
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publisher make no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to these programs or the documentation
contained in this book. The author and publisher shall not be liable in any event for incidental or consequential
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damages in connection with, or arising out of, the furnishing, performance, or use of these programs.
Reproduced by Pearson from electronic files supplied by the author.
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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any
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form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.
ISBN-13: 978-0-13-403926-8
ISBN-10: 0-13-403926-2
www.pearsonhighered.com
, CONTENTS
Chapter 1: Introduction To Statistics
Section 1-1: Statistical and Critical Thinking............................................................................1
Section 1-2: Types of Data ........................................................................................................2
Section 1-3: Collecting Sample Data.........................................................................................3
Chapter Quick Quiz ...................................................................................................................5
Review Exercises .......................................................................................................................5
Cumulative Review Exercises ...................................................................................................6
Chapter 2: Exploring Data with Tables and Graphs
Section 2-1: Frequency Distributions for Organizing and Summarizing Data..........................7
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Section 2-2: Histograms...........................................................................................................12
Section 2-3: Graphs That Enlighten and Graphs That Deceive...............................................14
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Section 2-4: Scatterplots, Correlation, and Regression ...........................................................17
Chapter Quick Quiz .................................................................................................................18
Review Exercises .....................................................................................................................18
Cumulative Review Exercises .................................................................................................20
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Chapter 3: Describing, Exploring, and Comparing Data
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Section 3-1: Measures of Center..............................................................................................23
Section 3-2: Measures of Variation .........................................................................................27
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Section 3-3: Measures of Relative Standing and Boxplots......................................................31
Chapter Quick Quiz .................................................................................................................34
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Review Exercises .....................................................................................................................35
Cumulative Review Exercises .................................................................................................35
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Chapter 4: Probability
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Section 4-1: Basic Concepts of Probability .............................................................................37
Section 4-2: Addition Rule and Multiplication Rule ...............................................................38
Section 4-3: Complements, Conditional Probability, and Bayes’ Theorem............................41
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Section 4-4: Risks and Odds ....................................................................................................42
Section 4-5: Rates of Mortality, Fertility, and Morbidity........................................................44
Section 4-6: Counting ..............................................................................................................46
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Chapter Quick Quiz .................................................................................................................48
Review Exercises .....................................................................................................................48
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Cumulative Review Exercises .................................................................................................49
Chapter 5: Discrete Probability Distributions
Section 5-1: Probability Distributions .....................................................................................51
Section 5-2: Binomial Probability Distributions......................................................................52
Section 5-3: Poisson Probability Distributions ........................................................................55
Chapter Quick Quiz .................................................................................................................57
Review Exercises .....................................................................................................................58
Cumulative Review Exercises .................................................................................................59
, Chapter 6: Normal Probability Distributions
Section 6-1: The Standard Normal Distribution ......................................................................61
Section 6-2: Real Applications of Normal Distributions.........................................................62
Section 6-3: Sampling Distributions and Estimators ...............................................................65
Section 6-4: The Central Limit Theorem.................................................................................69
Section 6-5: Assessing Normality............................................................................................72
Section 6-6: Normal as Approximation to Binomial ...............................................................75
Chapter Quick Quiz .................................................................................................................77
Review Exercises .....................................................................................................................77
Cumulative Review Exercises .................................................................................................79
Chapter 7: Estimating Parameters and Determining Sample Sizes
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Section 7-1: Estimating a Population Proportion.....................................................................81
Section 7-2: Estimating a Population Mean.............................................................................85
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Section 7-3: Estimating a Population Standard Deviation or Variance...................................89
Section 7-4: Bootstrapping: Using Technology for Estimates ................................................92
Chapter Quick Quiz .................................................................................................................94
Review Exercises .....................................................................................................................94
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Cumulative Review Exercises .................................................................................................96
Chapter 8: Hypothesis Testing
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Section 8-1: Basics of Hypothesis Testing ..............................................................................97
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Section 8-2: Testing a Claim About a Proportion....................................................................99
Section 8-3: Testing a Claim About a Mean..........................................................................104
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Section 8-4: Testing a Claim About a Standard Deviation or Variance ................................108
Chapter Quick Quiz ...............................................................................................................110
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Review Exercises ...................................................................................................................111
Cumulative Review Exercises ...............................................................................................112
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Chapter 9: Chapter 9: Inferences from Two Samples
Section 9-1: Two Proportions ................................................................................................115
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Section 9-2: Two Means: Independent Samples....................................................................124
Section 9-3: Two Dependent Samples (Matched Pairs) ........................................................130
Section 9-4: Two Variances or Standard Deviations.............................................................134
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Chapter Quick Quiz ...............................................................................................................136
Review Exercises ...................................................................................................................137
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