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Pathophysiology EXAM- Rasmussen University |122 Questions with 100% Correct Answers
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Pathophysiology EXAM- Rasmussen University |122Questions with 100% Correct Answers
Active immunity - ✔A protected state owing to the body's immune response as a result
of active infection or immunization. Requires memory B cells.
Passive immunity - ✔Involves the transfer of plasma containing preformed antibodies
against a specific antigen from a protected or immunized person to an unprotected or non-
immunized person. Immediate but temporary protection.
Benign tumor - ✔typical of tissue origin, few mitoses, slow growth rate, strictly local,
often encapsulated/ no metastasis, tumor necrosis is rare, recurrence after treatment is
rare, prognosis is good, unless in critical area.
Malignant tumor - ✔Anaplastic with abnormal cell size and shape, many mitoses, growth
rate is rapid, infiltrative/ frequent metastases, tumor necrosis is common, recurrence after
treatment is common, prognosis is poor if untreated.
Cachexia - ✔Overall weight loss and generalized weakness
Anemia - ✔deficiency in circulating red blood cells
Leukopenia - ✔deficiency in circulating white blood cells
Thrombocytopenia - ✔deficiency in circulating platelets
,Warts - ✔Common benign papillomas caused by DNA-containing papillomaviruses.
Exaggeration of normal skin composition; stratum corneum irregularly thickened. Treatment
by surgical removal, topical blistering agents, immunomodulators, and intralesional injections.
Herpes simplex virus - ✔HSV-1 occurs above the waist; common on the lips, face, and
mouth; pain common, healing in 10-14 days; persists in latent form.
HSV-2 is responsible for most infections in the genital area. Usually begins with a burning or
tingling sensation followed by vesicles and erythema; crusts before healing. No cure;
analgesics for pain; antivirals to shorten duration of outbreaks.
Herpes zoster - ✔Shingles: acute localized inflammatory disease of a dermatomal segment
of the skin caused by varicella zoster (chickenpox). Results from reactivation of the latent
virus. Eruption of painful vesicles with erythematous bases typically unilateral; parasthesias.
Treatment: antiviral drugs, preferably within 48 hours, vaccine, Burrow compresses
Syphilis - ✔Serious STD from Treponema pallidum.
Primary: single chancre on genitalia
Secondary: disseminated rash
Tertiary: permanent cardiac and CNS damage
Diagnosis: serum antibodies; pustules for spirochete. Penicillin is very effective in
eradication primary & secondary syphilis.
lupus erythematosus - ✔Discoid lupus: scaly red plaques with scarring that involves sun-
exposed skin; slow healing under therapy
Systemic lupus: butterfly-shaped erythema involving the cheeks and nose; affects many
other organs
Psoriasis - ✔chronic, recurrent dermatosis marked by itchy, scaly, red plaques covered
by silvery gray scales.
Treatment: no cure; topical corticosteroids, vitamin D derivative, ultraviolet light, tar,
systemic psoralen, methotrexate, hydroxyurea, or injectable biological agents.
, Ulcers - ✔Localized areas of cellular necrosis resulting from prolonged pressure between
any bony prominence and an external object such as a bed or wheelchair.
Treatment: Keep area clean, dry, and free from infection or further pressure; cover with
nonstick dressing, irrigate as needed; maintain fluid and protein stores; vitamin supplements,
avoid general infections.
Prevention: Frequent turning (every 2 hours), get patient out of bed and into chair,
keep vulnerable areas clean and dry, keep bed coverings off feet.
compartment syndrome - ✔A painful and dangerous condition caused by pressure
buildup from internal bleeding or swelling of tissues; the pressure decreases blood flow,
depriving muscles and nerves of needed nourishment.
The 5 P's: pain, pallor, paralysis, paresthesias, and pulselessness.
Primary organ of the lymphoid system and its functions. - ✔Bone marrow; formation of
red blood cells (hematopoiesis) also produces leukocytes and platelets.
Secondary organs of the lymphoid system and its functions. - ✔Tonsils: located in mouth and
pharynx, most likely to encounter a microorganism.
Spleen: located under the diaphragm on left side of the body, largest lymphoid organ.
Filters out foreign substances and old red blood cells.
Lymph nodes: have lymph fluid for immune cells to filter, detect, and react to foreign material.
Contains large numbers of B cells, T cells, and macrophages.
Peyer patches: produces antibodies to microorganisms that invade mucosal tissue.
what are the components of wound healing? - ✔Fibroblasts: synthesize connective tissue
and can move around
Endothelial cells: regenerate stimulated by angiogenic substances to form new capillaries.
Myofibroblasts: develop at wound edges and induce wound contraction.
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