BIO 121 Exam 1 Review Questions With All Correct Answers.
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Course
Bio 121
Institution
Bio 121
Natural Selection - Answer A theory in which individuals with certain traits produce more offspring than others without these traits.
Evolution - Answer The gradual change in a species over time.
Adaptation - Answer When the heritable trait increases an individuals fitness in a parti...
BIO 121 Exam 1 Review Questions With
All Correct Answers.
Natural Selection - Answer A theory in which individuals with certain traits produce more offspring
than others without these traits.
Evolution - Answer The gradual change in a species over time.
Adaptation - Answer When the heritable trait increases an individuals fitness in a particular
environment.
Ancestral trait - Answer Is a character that existed in an ancestor.
Derived trait - Answer Is one that is a modified form of the ancestral trait, found in a descendants.
Vestigial trait - Answer A reduced or incompletely developed structure that has no (or reduced)
function (e.g. human tailbone or wisdom teeth).
Homologous structures - Answer Are similarities that exist in species descended from a common
ancestor (e.g. humans, dogs, and birds have similar limb structure).
Convergent evolution - Answer Occurs when similar environmental pressures and natural selection give
rise to similar (analogous) structures in distantly related organisms.
Dispersal - Answer The movement of organisms or individuals from one place to another can result in
Allopatric Speciation (e.g. birds flying to a new island).
Vicariance - Answer The physical splitting of a habitat, some type of geographic barrier can result in
Allopatric Speciation. (e.g. rivers or mountains splitting populations).
Microevolution - Answer Explores changes in populations over time. (Evolution on a small scale)
, Macroevolution - Answer Explores how new species evolve over time. (Evolution on a small scale)
Dominant Allele - Answer An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is
present. (Y)
Recessive Allele - Answer An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present. (y)
Homozygous recessive genotype - Answer yy
Homozygous dominant genotype - Answer YY
Heterozygous genotype - Answer Yy
Phenotype - Answer An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
Genetic drift - Answer Is any change in allele frequencies in a population due to chance.
Population bottleneck - Answer Is a drastic reduction in population size brought about by a natural
catastrophe or over-hunting (e.g. elephant seals in the 1800s).
Founder Effect - Answer Occurs when a small number of individuals individuals leave a large population
and establish a new isolated population.
Phylogenetic tree - Answer A graphical summary of evolutionary history of organisms. Shows
evolutionary relationships among genes, species and higher taxa.
Systematics - Answer The field of science that organizes organisms into phylogenetic trees.
Taxonomy - Answer The classification of organisms.
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