NR 283 Pathophysiology Exam 1 |
Questions Correctly Answered and
Graded A+ | Latest 2024/2025 Guide
What is acidosis? - Correct Answer - excessive hydrogen ions (H+),
decrease in serum pH
What is alkalosis? - Correct Answer - deficit of hydrogen ions (H+),
increase in serum pH
Acid-Base Imbalance - Correct Answer - -Respiratory system can alter
carbonic acid (CO2) levels to change pH
-Kidneys can modify the excretion rate of acids and adsorption of
bicarbonate ions to regulate pH (most effective but slow)
-Life-threatening and needs to be fixed
-only works short term
(H2CO3: H20-Kidneys CO2 lungs)
What is Respiratory Acidosis? - Correct Answer - -Increase carbon
dioxide levels
-Too much acid (hypoventilating) leading to an increase in CO2
,What are causes of Respiratory Acidosis? - Correct Answer - -Airway
obstruction
-Pulmonary disease, COPD, drugs
What are signs/symptoms of Respiratory Acidosis? - Correct Answer - -
Sleepy
-Weakness
-Death
What is Metabolic Acidosis? - Correct Answer - Decrease in serum
bicarbonate
What are causes of Metabolic Acidosis? - Correct Answer - -Too much
acid
-Renal Failure or renal disease
-DKA (diabetes)
-Excessive loss of bicarbonate
-Excessive diarrhea
What are signs/symptoms of Metabolic Acidosis? - Correct Answer - -
Sleepy
-Weakness
-Death
Effects of Acidosis - Correct Answer - -suppressed nervous system
function
-headache
-lethargy
,-weakness
-condusion
-coma and death
What is Respiratory Alkalosis? - Correct Answer - -loss of acid
-hyperventilating
What are causes of Respiratory Alkalosis? - Correct Answer - -Anxiety
-high fever
-excessive exercise
-severe pain
-head injury
-brainstem tumor
What are signs/symptoms (effects) of Respiratory Alkalosis? - Correct
Answer - -Tetany
-Parasthesias
-Restlessness
-Coma/death
What is Metabolic Alkalosis? - Correct Answer - -Increase in serum
bicarbonate
-Loss of hydrochloric acid from stomach
What are causes of Metabolic Alkalosis? - Correct Answer - -Excessive
vomiting
-NG tube suctioning
, -Too much base
Excessive ingestion of antacids
What are some effects (signs/symptoms) of Metabolic Alkalosis? -
Correct Answer - -Tetany
-Parasthesias
-Restlessness
-Coma
Effects of Alkalosis - Correct Answer - -Increased irritability of the
nervous system
-Restlessness
-Muscle Twitching
-Tingling and numbness of the fingers
-Tetany
-Seizure
-Coma
What is the first line of defense of the body from injury? - Correct Answer
- -mechanical barrier: unbroken skin and mucous membranes,
secretions such as tears and gastric juices (nonspecific)
What is the second line of defense of the body from injury? - Correct
Answer - -Phagocytosis (WBC engulf cell debris/bacteria)
-Inflammation (nonspecific)
What is the third line of defense of the body from injury? - Correct
Answer - -Production of specific antibodies or cell-mediated immunity
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