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PEDIATRIC NURSING – MIDTERM EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS. MIDTERM EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (GRADED A+) (100% GUARANTEE) (2024 UPDATE) $14.49
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PEDIATRIC NURSING – MIDTERM EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS. MIDTERM EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (GRADED A+) (100% GUARANTEE) (2024 UPDATE)
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The accepted steps in the model are assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The diagnosis phase is separated into two steps: nursing diagnosis and outcome identification. Although important, identification is not a stand-alone step in the nursing process. Outcome develop...

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  • October 17, 2024
  • 46
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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PEDIATRIC NURSING – MIDTERM EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS.

MIDTERM EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

(GRADED A+) (100% GUARANTEE) (2024 UPDATE)

The accepted steps in the model are assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and

evaluation. The diagnosis phase is separated into two steps: nursing diagnosis and outcome

identification. Although important, identification is not a stand-alone step in the nursing process.

Outcome development is not a stand-alone step, it is part of planning.

Which statement represents accurate information about the physiological assessment of children's

pain?

a. The best indicator of pain in children of all ages

b. Essential to determine whether a child is telling the truth about pain

c. Of most value when children also report having pain


d. Of limited value as sole indicator of pain - ANSWER- ANS: D


Physiological manifestations of pain may vary considerably and do not provide a consistent

measure of pain. Heart rate may increase or decrease. The same signs that may suggest fear,

anxiety, or anger also indicate pain. In individuals with persistent pain the body adapts, and these

signs decrease or stabilize. These signs are of limited value and must be viewed in the context of

a pain-rating scale, behavioral assessment, and parental report. When the child states that pain

exists, it does.

Which is true about nonpharmacological strategies for pain management?

,a. They may reduce pain perception.

b. They make pharmacological strategies unnecessary.

c. They usually take too long to implement.


d. They trick children into believing they do not have pain. - ANSWER- ANS: A


Nonpharmacological techniques provide coping strategies that may help reduce pain perception,

make the pain more tolerable, decrease anxiety, and enhance the effectiveness of analgesics. They

should be learned before the pain occurs. With severe pain, it is best to use both pharmacological

and nonpharmacological measures for pain control. The nonpharmacological strategy should be

matched with the child's pain severity. Some of the techniques may facilitate the child's experience

with mild pain, but the child will still know that discomfort is present.

Which drug is usually the best choice for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) for a child in the

immediate postoperative period?

a. Codeine

b. Morphine

c. Methadone


d. Meperidine - ANSWER- ANS: B


The most commonly prescribed medications for PCA are morphine, hydromorphone, and fentanyl,

with morphine being the drug of choice for PCA. Parenteral use of codeine is not recommended.

Methadone is not available in parenteral form in Canada. Meperidine is not used for continuous

and extended pain relief.

,A lumbar puncture is needed on a school-age child. Which medication is the most appropriate to

apply to provide analgesia during this procedure?

a. Tetracaine-adrenaline-cocaine (TAC) 15 minutes before procedure

b. Transdermal fentanyl (Duragesic) patch immediately before procedure

c. Eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics (EMLA) 1 hour before procedure


d. EMLA 30 minutes before procedure - ANSWER- ANS: C


EMLA is an effective analgesic agent when applied to the skin 60 minutes before a procedure. It

eliminates or reduces the pain from most procedures involving skin punctures. TAC provides skin

anaesthesia about 15 minutes after application to nonintact skin. The gel can be placed on the

wound for suturing. Transdermal fentanyl patches are useful for continuous pain control, not rapid

pain control. For maximal effectiveness, EMLA must be applied approximately 60 minutes in

advance.

The nurse is caring for a child receiving intravenous (IV) morphine for severe postoperative pain.

The nurse observes a slower respiratory rate, and the child cannot be aroused. What is the most

appropriate action for the nurse?

a. Administer naloxone (Narcan).

b. Discontinue IV infusion.

c. Discontinue morphine until the child is fully awake.

d. Stimulate the child by calling his or her name, shaking gently, and asking the child to breathe

deeply. - ANSWER- ANS: A

, The management of opioid-induced respiratory depression includes lowering the rate of infusion

and stimulating the child. If the respiratory rate is depressed and the child cannot be aroused, IV

naloxone should be administered. The child will be in pain because of the reversal of the morphine.

The morphine should be discontinued, but naloxone is indicated if the child is unresponsive.

Which would the nurse identify as being an adverse effect when assessing a child who is receiving

an opioid for pain management? Select all that apply. Express answer with small letters followed

by a comma and a space—e.g., a, b, c.

a. Diarrhea

b. Agitation

c. Pruritus

d. Miosis

e. Lacrimation

f. Anorexia


g. Nausea and vomiting - ANSWER- ANS: B, C, D, G


Agitation, pruritus, miosis and nausea and vomiting are all possible signs of adverse effects of

opioids. Constipation, not diarrhea, is another adverse effect. Lacrimation and anorexia are signs

of withdrawal in patients with a physical dependence on opioid.

What should the nurse consider when having consent forms signed for surgery and procedures on

children?

a. Only a parent or legal guardian can give consent.

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