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D027 Pathopharm FINAL EXAM 2024 WITH 100- CORRECT ANSWERS
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D027 Pathopharm FINAL EXAM 2024 WITH 100- CORRECT ANSWERS
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10/17/24, 10:28 AMD027 Pathopharm FINAL EXAM 2024 WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
Terms in this set (193)
sex-linked traits,
cones lack one or more wavelength-sensitive chemicals, you will be unable to
color blindness and hemophilia
distinguish the colors red, green or blue. Some conditions that can cause color
deficits are sickle cell anemia.
-Inhibit Na reabsorption in the distal tubule
Thiazide diuretics mechanism of action -Promotes up to 10% of Na and H2O excretion
-Increase urinary excretion of other electrolytes
1st line drug tx for antihypertensive, thiazide diuretic, tx by reducing bld vol,
Diuril (chlorothiazide)
increased urination
(INE)agents that inhibit the entry of calcium ions into heart muscle cells, causing a
slowing of the heart rate, a lessening of the demand for oxygen and nutrients, and a
Calcium Channel Blockers
relaxing of the smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels to cause dilation; used to
prevent or treat angina pectoris, some arrhythmias, and hypertension
Dilate the arteries and reduce the force of the heart's contractions
Ca Channel Blockers Norvasc (amlodipine)
Cardizem (Diltiazem)
1. first dose hypotension
2. orthostatic hypotension
3.tachycardia
4.photosensitvity
ACE inhibitors adverse effects
5. renal insufficiency
6. hyperkalemia
7. Angioedema
8. Bone marrow depression
decrease heart rate and dilate arteries by blocking beta receptors by inhibiting
Beta Blockers
effects of norepi
Lexapro
Escitalopram
SSRI
The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the
pituitary gland hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands.
atherosclerotic plaque fatty deposits accumulated due to elevated glucose levels
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1. Genetic predisposition
2. Excess dietary salt intake
Primary HTN risk factors
3. Adrenergic tone
4. racial pattern (HIGHEST : African Americans)
Renal Parenchymal disease
Renal vascular disease
essential HTN
Cardiovascular disease
Primary HTN causes
CNS abnormalities
Endocrine disease
Syndromes
Medication related (rare).
EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) medicate with Tagrisso, a type of tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
proteins, mutation driving lung cancer
Tagrisso (osimertinib) non-small cell lung cancer
group of hereditary diseases characterized by degeneration of muscle and
muscular dystrophy (MD)
weakness
Dx based on physical symptoms, family history, an elevated concentration of
Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) creatine kinase (CK) in the blood indicating destruction of muscle, and molecular
genetic testing.
Pseudohypertrophy of calf muscles; use upper extremity to help them stand up;
Duchenne muscular dystrophy symptoms
waddling gait
Skips generations, usually seen in only 1 generation.
25% of offsprings from 2 carrier parents affected.
Autosomal Recessive Inheritance
Often due to enzyme deficiencies, more severe than dominant disorders; symptoms
presents in childhood.
presence of certain genes that means there is a 100% chance of the person
autosomal dominant inheritance
eventually getting the disease
Huntington's Disease
autosomal dominant disorders Achondroplasia
Neurofibromatosis
autosomal recessive disorders Tay-Sachs, Cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, phenylketonuria
AKA the adenohypophysis, the anterior pituitary is made of glandular tissue. It makes
and secretes six different hormones: FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, prolactin, and growth
anterior pituitary gland
hormone. The anterior pituitary is controlled by releasing and inhibiting factors from
the hypothalamus
posterior pituitary gland ADH and oxytocin
a pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys. the adrenals secrete the
adrenal glands hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which help
to arouse the body in times of stress.
condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to the rest of the body
CHF (congestive heart failure) etiologies include arrhythmia, pulm embolism, hypertension, valvular heart disease,
myocarditis, unstable angina, renal failure, severe anemia;
a condition affecting arteries of the heart that reduces the flow of blood and the
coronary artery disease (CAD) delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium; most often caused by
atherosclerosis
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