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Exam Questions and Answers for PSYCHOPHARM psychedelic drugs 100% Pass
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Exam Questions and Answers for PSYCHOPHARM psychedelic drugs 100% Pass Psychedelics - Answers hallucinogens -natural as well as synthetic drugs Effects of psychedelics - Answers -brain stimulating effects (typically at low doses) to hallucinations (at high doses) MDMA causes - Answers -release...

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  • October 17, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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Exam Questions and Answers for PSYCHOPHARM psychedelic drugs 100% Pass

Psychedelics - Answers hallucinogens

-natural as well as synthetic drugs

Effects of psychedelics - Answers -brain stimulating effects (typically at low doses) to hallucinations (at
high doses)

MDMA causes - Answers -release of monoamines

-causes permanent damage to brain cells



ex: serotonin neurons

PCP and Ketamine block.. - Answers NMDA receptors

-causes schizophrenia like symptoms

Salvinorin A acts on... - Answers kappa opioid receptor but still produces 5HT2A agonist like effects

Anticholinergic Psychedelics - Answers Scopalamine: prototype anticholinergic (ACh) psychedelic



-competitive antagonists of muscarinic type of ACh receptor

-found in: e.g. datura (datura stramonium) aka jimsonweed (jamestown weed)

-injestion of tea made from this plant-- british soldiers in jamestown, virginia in 1976

Scopolamine Effects - Answers low doses: amnestic, drowsiness, mild euphoria, fatigue, mental
confusion, loss of attention, dreamless sleep. Clouds, rather then expands, consciousness



As doses increase; psychiatric symptoms such as restlessness, excitement, hallucinations, euphoria and
disorientation



-medically found in some travel-sickness products/patches (1.5 mg for every 3 days)



-most deaths are due to accidents, homicide or suicide; low toxicity.

Scopolamine Doses - Answers effective dose: 50 micrograms

, Lethal dose: 14,000 micrograms

scopolamine antidote - Answers physostigamine

Monoaminergic (catecholaminelike and seotoninlike) - Answers -share neurochemical similarity with the
biogenic amine neurotransmitters, serotonin (5-HT), dopamine, and norepinephrine



-actions range from amphetamine-like (stimulation) to LSD-like (hallucinations)

Monoaminergic Tolerance - Answers usually develop rapidly to the effects of most of these drugs within
*three or four* successive daily exposures

Catecholaminergic Psychedelics - Answers (e.g., mescaline (natural), Synthetic amphetamines
dervatives)



-Large group of psychedelic drugs are structurally similar to both catecholamine neurotransmitters and
the amphetamine stimulants

Methoxylating (-OCH3) - Answers the catecholamine or amphetamine nucleus adds psychedelic or
hallucinogenic properties to the stimulant



Also know as, stimulant hallucinogens

Mescaline - Answers -found in the peyote cactus in Mexico and southwest US

-legalized as part of sacramento of native American Church

Mescaline pharmacological effects - Answers chewed, onset in 30-90 minutes, duration about 10 hours,
secreted unchanged.



-also produced synthetically since 1918



-methoxylation of the benzene ring -- psychedelic properties -- gives agonistic action at 5HT2A

Mescaline Dose - Answers usual oral dose 5 mg/kg body weight

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