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BIOL 266 Final Exam UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers $9.99   Add to cart

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BIOL 266 Final Exam UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers

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  • BIOL 266
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  • BIOL 266

BIOL 266 Final Exam UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers Core data - CORRECT ANSWER- -the key information inputted in the database entry -minimal information is given to identify the data Annotations - CORRECT ANSWER- all additional information to identify data that may change...

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  • October 17, 2024
  • 16
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • BIOL 266
  • BIOL 266
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MGRADES
BIOL 266 Final Exam UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Core data - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔-the key information inputted in the database entry
-minimal information is given to identify the data


Annotations - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔all additional information to identify data that may
change over time


P AND Q - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔all query searches that include both P and Q, but not
separately


P OR Q - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔all query searches that include both P and Q, together or
separately


P NOT Q - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔all query searches that include just P, but nothing with
Q


P NOR Q - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔query searches that do not include P or Q



P NAND Q - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔all query searches that include P and Q separately,
everything else except for P and Q co-occurring


P XOR Q - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔query searches including P and Q occurring
separately, not together


P XNOR Q - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔query searches including P and Q together (not
separately), and everything outside


global alignment - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔attempting to align an entire sequence

,local alignment - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔attempting to align stretches of sequence with
higher density of matches


What is the best algorithm for determining the best alignment between two sequences? -
CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔- While looking at all alignment possibilities is the best way to
determine the best possible alignment, this is not feasible
- Dynamic programming is the best algorithm to approximate the best alignment


How does a dynamic programming algorithm work? - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔- break the
problem (sequence) into smaller subsets and solve them all individually, then put them back
together


What scoring matrix is used for proteins, and how does it work? - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔-BLOSUM62
- is a 20x20 matrix that scores how often certain amino acids align
- high positive scores indicate that the pairing is rare, and therefore more significant


How is scoring different within a translation/transversion matrix? - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔-certain base changes are penalized more than others
- transversions (changing from purine to pyrimidine) is penalized higher than translations
(purine/purine or pyrimidine/pyrimidine)


What type of alignment algorithm is the Needleman-Wunsch? - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔Global alignment


What type of alignment algorithm is the Smith-Waterman, and how does it differ from the
Needleman-Wunsch? - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔- Local alignment
- Scoring is harsher- mismatches are scored as 0, and if a score is negative it is scored as 0 in
the matrix


Homology - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔similarity due to common ancestry



What is a flat file database? - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔A database in which all the data is
stored in a single table/file that may be downloaded

, What is a relational database? - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔database where the data is
separated into different tables so you can easily find what you are looking for


Why are operators useful in query searches? - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔databases are very
large, and operators help to limit information gathered from a search and specify the results


What is a heuristic approach, and when is it used? - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔An
approximate answer to what the solution likely is
-used when it is not feasible to examine all possible solutions (ie too large of a dataset)


What is BLAST, and how does it work? - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔-Basic Local Alignment
Search Tool
- heuristic procedure
- initially finds ungapped, locally optimal sequence alignments and then chops the sequence
into smaller frames
-search the database to find sequences that share the frames, which will be candidates for
alignment
- candidates will be aligned with original sequence using Smith-Waterman algorithm


What is an expectation (E) value? - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔the number of matches with
scores equivalent to or better than the sequence that are expected to occur in the database
search
- the smaller the E-value, the less likely it is to find a better match


blastp - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔protein vs protein database



blastn - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔nucleotide vs nucleotide database



blastx - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Search protein database using a translated nucleotide
query

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