MICB 212 Midterm Exam All Possible Questions and Answers 2024/2025 Graded A+;University of British Columbia (UBC)
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Course
MICB 212
Institution
MICB 212
MICB 212 Midterm Exam All Possible Questions and Answers 2024/2025 Graded A+;University of British Columbia (UBC)
MICB 212 Midterm Exam All Possible Questions and Answers 2024/2025 Graded A+;University of British Columbia (UBC)
MICB 212 Midterm Exam All Possible Questions and
Answers 2024/2025 Graded A+;University of British
Columbia (UBC)
[Course title]
,MICB 212 Midterm Exam All Possible Questions and
Answers 2024/2025 Graded A+;University of British
Columbia (UBC)
what does MRSA stand for Ans- methycillin-resistent staph aureus
what type of pathogen is MRSA Ans- extracellular bacteria
what type of pathogen is listeria monocytogenes Ans- intracellula bacteria
is staph aureus gram + or - Ans- positive
what kind of cells does S. aureus invade first Ans- skin epithelial cells
(keratinocytes)
what cytokines do keratinocytes secrete when breached? Ans- IL-1 alpha
what does IL-1 alpha bind and what happens after binding? Ans- IL-1R receptor
on keratinocytes, keratinocytes secrete chemokines CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL8
what PAMPs are activating TLRs for S. aureus? Ans- lipoprotein and lipoteichoic
acid
which TLR is being activated for S. aureus? Ans- TLR2
,what does TLR2 binding in S. aureus result in? Ans- secretion of IL-1 beta by
innate immune cells (macrophages, DC, etc.)
how is S. aureus cleared at site of infection Ans- neutrophils phagocytose and
DIE. macrophages clear mess
what route does Listeria take to infect Ans- oral route
what type of cell does listeria infect initialy Ans- intestinal epithelial cels
how does listeria bypass physical barrier? Ans- adapted to survive low pH, can
escape phagosome, mucus
where does listeria end up after bypassing the barrier? Ans- spleen, liver, etc. via
the blood
what PAMPs are activating TLRs for listeria Ans- lipoprotein, lipoteichoic acid,
bacterial DNA and RNA (since it is intracellular)
which TLRs are being activated by listeria Ans- TLR 1, 2 ,6 (outside of cell), TLR9
(in endosome)
which innate cells are killing listeria Ans- macrophages
how do macrophages kill listeria Ans- phagosome fuses with lysosome to make
phagolysosome
, activation of ROS and NO kill bacteria
(in spleen and liver)
(cytotoxicity/Ab) is more effective for S. aureus Ans- Ab
what type of Ab best for S. aureus Ans- IgG
(cytotoxicity/Ab) is more effective for listeria Ans- cytotoxicity
what do virus infected epithelial cells release Ans- pro-inflammatory cytokines
and Type I interferon (IFN-alpha/beta)
how does IFN-alpha/beta act Ans- binds receptor on neighbouring cells to
increase antiviral gene expression
bind DCs to upregulate co-stimulatory proteins (B7)
which Ab is best for listeria Ans- IgG, IgA
which Abs are released for viral infection Ans- IgM, IgG, IgA
which TLRs activated by virus and by what PAMPs Ans- TL2 (envelop protein),
TLR3, 7 (viral RNA)
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