,1. Which of the following correctly describes the role of
plasmids in bacterial genetics?
- A) They are essential for bacterial replication.
- B) They confer antibiotic resistance and can be
transferred between bacteria.
- C) They encode ribosomal RNA for translation.
- D) They integrate into the bacterial chromosome to
facilitate replication.
Answer: B
Rationale: Plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA in
bacteria that often carry genes for antibiotic resistance and
can be horizontally transferred between bacteria.
2. Which immune cell type is primarily responsible for
antibody production?
- A) T lymphocytes
- B) B lymphocytes
- C) Macrophages
- D) Natural killer cells
Answer: B
Rationale: B lymphocytes differentiate into plasma cells
that produce antibodies.
, Answer: C
Rationale: CD8+ T cells, or cytotoxic T cells, are key
players in targeting and destroying virus-infected cells and
tumor cells.
4. Which of the following microorganisms can cause a
latent infection that reactivates later in life?
- A) Streptococcus pyogenes
- B) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- C) Candida albicans
- D) Enterococcus faecalis
Answer: B
Rationale: Mycobacterium tuberculosis can establish a
latent infection and reactivate, particularly when host
immunity is compromised.
5. The presence of which antigen is used to identify
different strains of the influenza virus?
- A) Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase
- B) Lipopolysaccharide
- C) Flagellin
- D) Glycocalyx
Answer: A
Rationale: Influenza viruses are characterized by their
surface proteins, hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N),
which serve as antigens.
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