Exam (elaborations)

NR.400.700 (Advanced Physiology & Pathophysiology) Latest Midterm Exam Guide .

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Course
Nursing

Institution
Johns Hopkins University

NR.400.700 (Advanced Physiology & Pathophysiology) Latest Midterm Exam Guide .NR.400.700 (Advanced Physiology & Pathophysiology) Latest Midterm Exam Guide .NR.400.700 (Advanced Physiology & Pathophysiology) Latest Midterm Exam Guide .

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Uploaded on October 18, 2024
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Written in 2024/2025
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nr400700 advanced physiology pathophysiology

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NR.400.700

Advanced Physiology &
Pathophysiology

LATEST MIDTERM EXAM
GUIDE
Q&S

©2024/2025

,1. Which of the following best describes the role of the
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in blood pressure
regulation?
- A) It directly influences cardiac contractility.
- B) It promotes vasodilation to decrease blood pressure.
- C) It causes vasoconstriction and sodium retention to
increase blood pressure.
- D) It suppresses sympathetic nervous activity.
- Answer: C) It causes vasoconstriction and sodium
retention to increase blood pressure.
Rationale: Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction, and
aldosterone promotes sodium retention, thus increasing
blood pressure.

2. A patient presents with elevated thyroid-stimulating
hormone (TSH) but low levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and
T4). Which condition is most likely associated with these
findings?
- A) Graves' Disease
- B) Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
- C) Secondary Hyperthyroidism
- D) Euthyroid Sick Syndrome
- Answer: B) Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.
Rationale: Elevated TSH with low T3/T4 is indicative of
primary hypothyroidism, commonly seen in Hashimoto's.

3. Which of the following is the most common cause of
hypercalcemia in hospitalized patients?
- A) Primary hyperparathyroidism
- B) Malignancy-associated hypercalcemia
- C) Vitamin D intoxication
- D) Sarcoidosis
©2024/2025

, - Answer: B) Malignancy-associated hypercalcemia.
Rationale: In hospitalized patients, malignancy is a
common cause of elevated calcium levels due to increased
parathyroid hormone-related peptide.

4. What is the primary mechanism by which aldosterone
increases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys?
- A) Increasing the number of sodium channels in the
proximal convoluted tubule
- B) Stimulating the proximal tubular cells to reabsorb
sodium
- C) Increasing the activity of Na+/K+ ATPase in the distal
nephron
- D) Decreasing renal perfusion
- Answer: C) Increasing the activity of Na+/K+ ATPase
in the distal nephron.
Rationale: Aldosterone acts on the distal nephron to
promote sodium reabsorption via the Na+/K+ ATPase
pump.

### Fill-in-the-Blank

5. The primary site of gas exchange in the respiratory
system is the __________.
- Answer: alveoli.
Rationale: Alveoli are small sacs in the lungs where
oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.

6. Increased ventricular volume at the end of diastole
represents __________ preload, a critical determinant of
cardiac output.
- Answer: increased.
Rationale: Ventricular preload is the initial stretching of
©2024/2025

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NR.400.700 (Advanced Physiology & Pathophysiology) Latest Midterm Exam Guide .

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