,1. Which of the following best describes the role of the
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in blood pressure
regulation?
- A) It directly influences cardiac contractility.
- B) It promotes vasodilation to decrease blood pressure.
- C) It causes vasoconstriction and sodium retention to
increase blood pressure.
- D) It suppresses sympathetic nervous activity.
- Answer: C) It causes vasoconstriction and sodium
retention to increase blood pressure.
Rationale: Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction, and
aldosterone promotes sodium retention, thus increasing
blood pressure.
2. A patient presents with elevated thyroid-stimulating
hormone (TSH) but low levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and
T4). Which condition is most likely associated with these
findings?
- A) Graves' Disease
- B) Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
- C) Secondary Hyperthyroidism
- D) Euthyroid Sick Syndrome
- Answer: B) Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.
Rationale: Elevated TSH with low T3/T4 is indicative of
primary hypothyroidism, commonly seen in Hashimoto's.
, - Answer: B) Malignancy-associated hypercalcemia.
Rationale: In hospitalized patients, malignancy is a
common cause of elevated calcium levels due to increased
parathyroid hormone-related peptide.
4. What is the primary mechanism by which aldosterone
increases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys?
- A) Increasing the number of sodium channels in the
proximal convoluted tubule
- B) Stimulating the proximal tubular cells to reabsorb
sodium
- C) Increasing the activity of Na+/K+ ATPase in the distal
nephron
- D) Decreasing renal perfusion
- Answer: C) Increasing the activity of Na+/K+ ATPase
in the distal nephron.
Rationale: Aldosterone acts on the distal nephron to
promote sodium reabsorption via the Na+/K+ ATPase
pump.
### Fill-in-the-Blank
5. The primary site of gas exchange in the respiratory
system is the __________.
- Answer: alveoli.
Rationale: Alveoli are small sacs in the lungs where
oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Bankart. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
