Test (elaborations) History Themes in World History
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Class 12 history ch 1 notes
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1 BRICKS BEADS AND BONES
HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION
Time line 1- Major Periods in Early Indian Archaeology
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2 million BP Lower Palaeolithic
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80,000 Middle Palaeolithic
35000 Upper Palaeolithic
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12000 Mesolithic
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10000 Neolithic
6000
2600 BCE
Chalcolithic
Harappan civilisation
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Te
1000 BCE Use of iron
600BCE-400 CE Early historic
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fro
Introduction
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• Indus valley/Harappan Civilisation was a Bronze Age
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civilisation (3300-1300 BCE) in the north western
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regions of South Asia(India, Pakistan, Afghanistan)
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• The Indus Valley Civilisation is also named the
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Harappan civilisation after Harappa
• Harappa was the first site to be excavated in the
1921
• Harappan civilization flourished in the basins of
the Indus River.
, • Harappan period witnessed the First urbanisation in
India.
Sources
• Archaeological evidences (remains of houses,
pots, ornaments, tools and seals)
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u.
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The Harappan seal
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➢ The Harappan seal is the most distinctive artefact
of the Harappan civilisation.
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➢ Made of a stone called steatite, seals often
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contain animal motifs and signs from a script
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Harappan period
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Before 2600 BCE Early Harappa culture
2600BCE to 1900 BCE Mature Harappa culture
After 1900 BCE Late Harappa culture
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u.
Extent/ Boundary of Harappan culture
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1 North Manda
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Jammu Kashmir India
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2 South Daimabad Maharashtra India
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3 East Alamgirpur Utharpradesh India
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4 West Sutkagendor Baluchistan Province
Pakistan
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Important Mature Harappan sites and
their Location
1 Harappa Punjab Province, Pakistan(on an old bank
of the River Ravi)
2 Mohenjodaro Larkana District of Sindh Pakistan (on
bank of Indus River)
, 3 Kalibangan Rajasthan India
4 Dholovira Gujarat India
5 Lothal Gujarat India
6 Suktagendor Baluchistan Province Pakistan
7 Kotdiji Sindh, Pakistan.
8 Banawali Haryana India
9 Chanhudaro Sindh, Pakistan.
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10 Nageshwar Gujarath India
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11 Rangpur Gujarath India
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12 Manda Jammu Kashmir India
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13 Rakhigarhi Haryana India
14 Amri Sindh, Pakistan.
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15 Balakot Khyber, Pakistan
16 Mitathal Haryana India
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17 Ganweriwala Punjab Pakistan
18 Cholistan Punjab Pakistan
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19 Shortugai Afghanistan
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The term CULTURE
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• Archaeologists use the term “culture” for a group of
objects, distinctive in style, that are usually found
together within a specific geographical area and period of
time.
• In the case of the Harappan culture, these distinctive
objects include seals, beads, weights, stone blades and
even baked bricks.
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