Which of the following statements is true of local anesthesia?
A. Local anesthesia eliminates the feeling of sensation without the loss of consciousness
B. Local anesthesia is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience
C. Local anesthesia eliminates the feeling of sensation through loss of consciousness
D. Local anesthesia is never necessary for dental hygiene appointments - correct answer A
Which of the following methods of pain control did not pave the way for modern anesthetics?
A. scaring off demons
B. herbs and plants
C. therapeutic massage
D. alcohol, cannabis, and opium - correct answer C
The first effective gas inhalation anesthetic was
A. nitrous oxide
B. ether
C. halothane
D. acetylated alicyclic acid - correct answer B
The first local anesthetic was
A. lidocaine
B. cocaine
C. novocaine
D. articaine - correct answer B
Which of the following is the most populate dental anesthetic used in the USA?
A. Procaine
B. novocaine
C. Mepivicaine
D. Lidocaine - correct answer D
Local anesthetics ______ the pain signal to the brain
A. have no effect on
,B. slow
C. speed
D. block - correct answer D
Which of the following advantages is/are associated with the use of a local anesthetic?
A. hemostasis
B. pain control
C. no memory of procedure
D. both A & B - correct answer D
Which of the following statements is true?
A. states are more likely to allow dental hygienists to administer local anesthesia than they are
to allow them to administer nitrous oxide
B. states are more likely to allow dental hygienists to administer nitrous oxide than they are to
allow them to administer local anesthesia
C. dental hygienists are not currently permitted to administer nitrous oxide in the United States
D. none of the above - correct answer
Which of the following defines pain threshold?
A. a neurological experience of pain
B. the personal interpretation and response to the pain message
C. the point at which a sensation becomes painful, resulting in discomfort
D. a method or tool used to measure pain - correct answer C
A patient's pain reaction may be influenced by his/her
A. age
B. culture
C. emotional state
D. all of the above - correct answer D
A visual analog scale (VAS) is used to
A. locate pain
B. measure pain
,C. block pain receptors
D. constrict blood vessels - correct answer B
The relationship between a patient's needs and behaviors is best defined as
A. the human needs paradigm
B. stress
C. the tension paradigm
D. dental phobia - correct answer A
The majority of patients who experience dental anxiety trace the onset of fear to
A. infancy
B. toddlerhood
C. childhood or adolescence
D. adulthood - correct answer C
The health and dental history review is an opportune time to detect signs of patient anxiety.
Which of the following signs would indicate a patient is fearful of dental treatment?
A. elevated blood pressure, decreased heart rate, and relaxed posture
B. low blood pressure, decreased rate of respiration, and pupil dilation
C. elevated blood pressure, rapid heart rate, and cold, sweaty palms
D. Dry mouth, decreased heart rate, and decreased rate of respiration - correct answer C
Scheduling a ___________ appointment can help prevent apprehension in the anxious patient
A. short midweek
B. long afternoon
C. short evening
D. long morning - correct answer A
Although the patient may be apprehensive about receiving an injection, once the anesthesia is
administered, its effect will help attain the patient's human need for ___ by providing comfort
A. safety
B. self-actualization
C. belonging
, D. esteem - correct answer A
Which of the following will lower the pain reaction threshold?
A. fear
B. fatigue
C. emotional distress
D. all of the above - correct answer D
______ is defined as the neurologic experience of pain; it differs little between individuals
A. stress
B. pain reaction
C. pain perception
D. pain threshold - correct answer C
_______ is a physical and emotional response to a particular situation
A. pain
B. stress
C. apprehension
D. anxiety - correct answer B
Dr. Henry Beecher is credited with defining _____ as a combinatino of physical sensation and
cognitive perception
A. pain
B. pain control
C. stress
D. pain reaction - correct answer A
What potent drug used for pain control was derived from opium?
A. lidocaine
B. novocaine
C. morphine
D. codeine - correct answer c
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