Galen NUR 210 Exam 1 Modules 1-3 Questions And Answers Graded A+ 2024.
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Galen NUR 210
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Galen NUR 210
Galen NUR 210 Exam 1 Modules 1-3 Questions And Answers Graded A+ 2024.
Pharmacokinetics - correct answer. The process in which medications move through the body
What are the 4 phases of pharmacokinetics? - correct answer. absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Absorp...
Galen NUR 210 Exam 1 Modules 1-3
Questions And Answers Graded A+ 2024.
Pharmacokinetics - correct answer. The process in which medications move through
the body
What are the 4 phases of pharmacokinetics? - correct answer. absorption, distribution,
metabolism, excretion
Absorption - correct answer. happens with drug movement from the GI tract into the
bloodstream. Most meds are taken by mouth.
Oral absorption - correct answer. Takes awhile to get absorbed because it has to go
through the GI system
Usually takes 2-4 hours
•Enteric coated
aspirin - hard on stomach
can not crush pill
•Extended release
absorbed in the small intestine
IM absorption - correct answer. Absorbed 1-2 hours
IV absorption - correct answer. Absorbed 30-60 minutes
dissolution - correct answer. Dissolution happens when a po medication breaks down
into particles, disintegrates, and dissolves to combine with liquid so absorption from the
GI tract into the bloodstream occurs.
Liquid medications are absorbed faster than solids. Food can interfere with the
absorption of drugs.
Drugs that resist dissolution - correct answer. Parenteral medications (SL, eyedrops,
inhalants, transdermal) do not pass through the GI tract.
Enteric coated medications are designed to resist disintegration until the pill reaches the
small intestine. EC and sustained release meds should not be crushed.
,Factors that affect absorption - correct answer. •Lack of muscle and increased fat
changes medicine absorption
•Food consumption - will change medicine potency (delayed)
•Stress - Exercise, medicine goes to muscle
•pH - Medicine is made for acidic environments
•Antacid changes absorption
•Taken alone so it doesn't change the action
Excipients - correct answer. Fillers and other substances that make up tablets as a pill
is not 100% drug.
Sometimes an excipient enhances the absorption of a drug such as with PCN, which is
not well absorbed from the GI tract.
Adding Na to PCN, which makes it penicillin sodium, will increase the absorption of
PCN
first pass effect - correct answer. •the oral drugs go to liver via portal vein where some
of the drug becomes inactive
•Only happens with oral medications
delayed gastric emptying - correct answer. Food doesn't move like it should
Distribution - correct answer. refers to the movement of the drug from the circulation
to body tissues
Factors affecting distribution - correct answer. -blood flow to tissues
-protein binding
-blood brain barrier
-drug's affinity to the tissue
protein binding - correct answer. Drugs bind with proteins in blood
Some drugs are highly protein bound and other are weakly protein bound
free drugs - correct answer. drugs not bound to protein
Drug Toxicity - correct answer. -Two highly protein bound drugs compete and one
might accumulate and cause a toxicity
-it is important to know if you are administering highly protein bound medications and
monitor albumin levels in patients with liver or kidney disease.
-Some drugs that are highly protein bound include: Warfarin
Furosemide
Diazepam
Drug distribution and albumin - correct answer. -A decrease in albumin levels
decrease the protein-binding sites, which means more of the free drug is circulated.
-This can be fatal with some meds.
, -Free drugs are those not bound to protein, which means they are active in the body
and cause a pharmacologic response.
-Older adults, malnourished individuals, and those with liver or kidney disease have low
albumin levels.
Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) - correct answer. -The BBB protects the brain from most
drugs.
-Some meds are able to cross the BBB such as benzodiazepines.
-Drugs can cross the placenta and cause spontaneous abortion or alter fetal growth and
development.
Metabolism - correct answer. •Chemically changes drug to a form that can be
excreted
•Liver primary site
half-life - correct answer. •the time it takes for the drug in the body to be reduced by
half
Loading dose - correct answer. use of a higher dose than what is usually used for
treatment to allow the drug to reach the critical concentration (therapeutic level) sooner
•Blood thinner
•Antibiotic
Exceretion - correct answer. the removal of waste products from medications which is
done mainly through the kidneys
Other routes for include lungs, sweat, saliva, and bile
Factors effecting excretion - correct answer. Disorders in which the blood flow to the
kidneys is reduced will influence drug excretion.
Dehydration, CKD, and glomerulonephritis are examples.
Drug Elimination and Patients with Kidney Disease - correct answer. Lab tests to
determine kidney and renal function include: Creatinine (0.5-1.1 female, 0.6-1.2 male)
BUN (10-20) eGFR (60-90+)
You should be aware of patients kidney function status as this will determine drug
dosage.)
Drug Elimination and patients with liver disease - correct answer. Lab tests to
determine liver function include: ALT (4-36) and AST (0-35)
Onset - correct answer. time it takes for drug to start working
Peak - correct answer. highest concentration in blood
duration - correct answer. length of therapeutic effect
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