100 Anatomy concepts full || QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED
0 view 0 purchase
Course
Anatomy
Institution
Anatomy
1. What is a lumbar puncture used for? correct answers - needle inserted into subarachnoid space
→ extract CSF (spinal tap)
→ inject anesthetic (spinal block)
→ inject contrast material.
1. Where is the needle inserted in lumbar puncture? correct answers - between L3/L4 (or L4/L5)
-...
100 Anatomy concepts full || QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
100% VERIFIED
1. What is a lumbar puncture used for? correct answers - needle inserted into subarachnoid
space
→ extract CSF (spinal tap)
→ inject anesthetic (spinal block)
→ inject contrast material.
1. Where is the needle inserted in lumbar puncture? correct answers - between L3/L4 (or
L4/L5)
- at level of horizontal line thru upper points of iliac crest
1. What considerations must be taken in a lumbar puncture? correct answers - spinal cord
may end as low as L2 in adults, L3 in children, so go below that
- check for high intracranial pressure, b/c may herniate cerebellar tonsils thru foramen
magnum
2. Where does a herniated intervertebral (IV) disc usually occur? correct answers - in lumbar
(L4/L5/S1) or cervical (C5/C6/C7) regions
- us. in younger than age 50
2. What can cause a herniated IV disc? correct answers - may follow degenerative changes in
anulus fibrosus
- from sudden compression of nucleus pulposus (inner fluid part)
2. What nerves do herniated IV discs usually involve? correct answers - us. nerve root 1
number below (traversing root)
- e.g. L4/L5 herniation will compress L5 root
3. What is kyphosis & what may cause it? correct answers - exaggerated thoracic curvature
- in elderly from *osteoporosis*
- compression fractures of vert. bodies
- disk degeneration
3. What is lordosis & what may cause it? correct answers - exaggerated lumbar curvature
- may be temporary
- from *spondylolisthesis*, pregnancy, or potbelly
3. What is scoliosis & what may cause it? correct answers - lateral deviation/torsion of spine
- from poliomyelitis, hip disease, or leg-length discrepancy
4. What 4 nerves (& 3 arteries) can be damaged from different humerus fractures? correct
answers - at surgical neck: axillary N., post. humeral circumflex A.
- at midshaft: radial N., profunda brachii A.
- at supracondylar region: median N., brachial A.
- at medial epicondyle: ulnar N.
,4. What is the most common fracture of the forearm, & different variations of it? correct
answers - transverse fracture w/in distal 2 cm of radius (most common after 50)
- includes Smith's (flexion) fracture & Colles' (extension) fracture
4. What is a Smith's fracture, & what causes it? correct answers - from fall on dorsal aspect of
flexed wrist
→ ventral angulation of wrist
→ distal fragment is ant'ly displaced
4. What is a Colles' fracture, & what causes it? correct answers - from forced extension of
hand by fall
- distal fragment is dorsally displaced
- ulnar styloid process is often avulsed
= "dinner fork deformity"
4. What are the causes & signs of a scaphoid fracture? correct answers - from fall onto palm
of outstretched hand
- most pain on lat. side of wrist, in extension & abduction
- deep tenderness in anatomical snuffbox
- may not show on X-ray for 3 wks
- can have avascular necrosis of proximal fragment
4. What are boxer's fractures, and where are they commonly found? correct answers -
fractured necks of metacarpal bones from fistfights
- us. 2nd & 3rd metacarpals in professional boxers
- 5th & 4th in unskilled fighters
5. What are the rotator cuff muscles? correct answers SITS:
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- teres minor
- subscapularis
5. What do the rotator cuff muscles do? correct answers - support shoulder joint by forming
musculotendinous cuff around it
- reinforced joint all sides except inf'ly
→ inf. dislocation is most likely
6. What muscles are needed for upper limb abduction? What nerves supply them? correct
answers - 0-15°: supraspinatus (suprascapular N.)
- 15-110°: deltoid (axillary N.)
-110-180°: trapezius (accessory N.) & serratus anterior (long thoracic N.)
6. What is subacromial bursitis, & what causes it? correct answers - inflammation of
subacromial bursa
- from calcific supraspinatus tendinitis
- causes painful arc of abduction
7. What is golfer's elbow? correct answers - medial epicondylitis
- inflammation of common flexor tendon of wrist at medial epicondyle of humerus
, 7. What is tennis elbow? What are the causes & symptoms? correct answers - lateral
epicondylitis
- inflammation of common extensor tendon & periosteum of lat. epicondyle
- from repeated forceful flexion & extension
- pain radiates down post. aspect of forearm
8. What anastomoses allow collateral circulation when subclavian or axillary A's are
blocked? correct answers - anastomoses b/w br's of thyrocervical trunk & subscapular A's:
-- transverse cervical
-- suprascapular
-- subscapular
-- circumflex scapular
9. What are the contents of the cubital fossa, from lateral to medial? correct answers - biceps
brachii tendon
- brachial A.
- median N.
*subcutaneous*:
- cephalic V.
- median cubital V.
-basilic V.
9. What is usually the site of venipuncture? Why? correct answers - median cubital V.:
- overlies bicipital aponeurosis, so deeper structures are protected
- not accompanied by nerves
10. What causes carpal tunnel syndrome? What nerve is involved? correct answers - from
lesion that decreases size of carpal tunnel (lunate bone dislocation, infection)
→ affects median N., most sensitive structure in carpal tunnel
10. What are the clinical manifestations of carpal tunnel syndrome? correct answers -
anesthesia/parasthesia of lat. 3.5 digits
- palm sensation *not* affected b/c superficial palmar cutaneous br. passes superficial to
carpal tunnel
- apehand deformity (lack of opposition)
11. What muscles flex the interphalangeal joints? correct answers - proximal IP joints: flexor
digitorum superficialis (FDS)
- distal IP joints: flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)
12. What causes upper brachial palsy? correct answers - injury of upper roots & trunks
- us. from excessive increase of neck & shoulder angle, stretching or tearing sup. part of
plexus (C5 & C6 roots)
- maybe birth injury from pulling on head during delivery
12. What are the clinical manifestations of upper brachial (Erb-Duchenne) palsy? correct
answers - paralysis of shoulder/arm M's supplied by C5 & C6 roots
→ axillary, suprascapular, & musculocutaneous N's
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ProPerfomer. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $15.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
