Bacterial Cells - Unit 1 Cell Biology Btec
Applied Science Lvl 3 Ext Diploma
Questions And Answers With Verified
Solutions Latest Updated 2024
What is the role of the capsule? - ANSWER✔✔1. to protect bacteria from other
cells e.g. wbc
2. helps the bacteria to stick together for more protection ( more virulent strains)
3. enables prokaryotic cells to attach to surfaces in its environment.
what is the role of pili? - ANSWER✔✔1. help cells stick to one another or to other
surfaces
2. exchange genetic information during reproduction called conjugation
what are plasmids and their role? - ANSWER✔✔plasmids: small circle of DNA
role:
1. can be exchanged between bacteria for beneficial new genes
2. carry genes which aid survival of bacteria in adverse conditions e.g. produce
enzymes that break down antibodies.
how are plasmids linked to antibiotic resistance? - ANSWER✔✔antibiotic
resistance is one trait that often spreads through a bacterial colony through plasmid
exchange.
what is the mesosome? - ANSWER✔✔plasma membrane that folds into the
cytoplasm and increases surface area for the attachment of respiratory enzymes
, what is the role of fimbriae? - ANSWER✔✔to help bacteria attach to host cells
what does photosynthetic lamellae contain and why? - ANSWER✔✔contains:
enzymes and bacterial chlorophyll
why? to carry out photosynthesis (coloured bacteria)
what is the role of circular DNA? - ANSWER✔✔provide genetic material for
replication of bacterial cells
what is the role of the prokaryotic cell wall? - ANSWER✔✔1. protects the cell
from the exterior environment and mechanical damage
2. prevents dehydration
3. excludes certain substances
4. maintain the cells's shape
what is the cell wall made of in prokaryotic cells? - ANSWER✔✔most prokaryotic
cells have a peptidoglycan cell wall
how does the cell wall of prokaryotes divide bacteria from each other? -
ANSWER✔✔there are 2 categories of bacterial cells based on their cell wall: gram
positive/negative,
gram positive bacteria: thick mesh like cell wall made of peptidoglycan layer
fortified with teichoic acids, which stains purple
gram negative bacteria: thinner peptidoglycan layer in the cell wall (which stains
pink) and an outer envelope containing lipopolysaccharides and lipoproteins are
present.
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