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NUR 162 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) EXAM 9 | ALL Q&AS BRAND NEW GUARANTEED A++
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NUR 162 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) EXAM 9 | ALL Q&AS BRAND NEW GUARANTEED A++
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NUR 162 Exam 91. Mood disorders
Answer
also called affective disorders, are pervasive alterations in emotions that are manifested by
depression or mania or both.
2. Mania
Answer
a distinct period during which mood is abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or
irritable.
3. Manic episodes
Answer
Manic episodes include inflated self-esteem or grandiosity; decreased sleep; excessive and
pressured speech (unrelenting, rapid, often loud talking without pauses); flight of ideas (racing,
often unconnected, thoughts); distractibility ; increased activity or psychomotor agitation; and
excessive involvement in pleasure-seeking or risk-taking activities with a high potential for
painful con- sequences. The person's mood may be excessively cheerful, enthusiastic, and
expansive, or the person may be irritable, especially when he or she is told no or has rules to
follow.
4. Hypomania
Answer
a period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and some other
milder symptoms of mania. The difference is that hypomanic episodes do not impair the
person's ability to function (in fact, he or she may be quite productive), and there are no
psychotic features (delusions and hallucinations).
5. Bipolar I Disorder
Answer
one or more manic or mixed episodes usually accompanied by major depressive episodes
6. Bipolar II Disorder
,Answer
one or more major depressive episodes accompanied by at least one hypomanic episode
7. Persistent Depressive (dysthymic) Disorder
Answer
a chronic, persistent mood disturbance characterized by symptoms such as insomnia, loss of
appetite, decreased energy, low self-esteem, difficulty concentrating, and feelings of sadness and
hope- lessness that are milder than those of depression.
8. Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
Answer
a persistent angry or irritable mood, punctuated by severe, recurrent temper outbursts that are
not in keeping with the provocation or situation, beginning before age 10.
9. Cyclothymic Disorder
Answer
characterized by mild mood swings between hypomania and depression without loss of social or
occupational functioning.
10. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
Answer
has two subtypes. In one, most commonly called winter depression or fall-onset SAD, people
experience increased sleep, appetite, and carbohydrate cravings; weight gain; interpersonal
conflict; irritability; and heaviness in the extremities beginning in late autumn and abating in
spring and summer. The other subtype, called spring-onset SAD, is less common, with
symptoms of insomnia, weight loss, and poor appetite lasting from late spring or early summer
until early fall. SAD is often treated with light therapy
11. Postpartum Depression or "maternity" blues
Answer
a mild, predictable mood disturbance occurring in the first several days after delivery of a
baby. Symptoms
include labile mood and affect, crying spells, sadness, insomnia, and anxiety. The symptoms
subside without treatment, but mothers do benefit from the support and understanding of friends
, and family. Most common complication of pregnancy in developed countries.
12. Kindling
Answer
the process by which seizure activity in a specific area of the brain is initially stimulated by
reaching a threshold of the cumulative effects of stress, low amounts of electric impulses, or
chemicals such as cocaine that sensitize nerve cells and pathways. These highly sensitized
pathways respond by no longer needing the stimulus to induce seizure activity, which now
occurs spontaneously. It is theorized that kindling may underlie the cycling of mood disorders
as well as addiction. Anticonvulsants inhibit kindling; this may explain their efficacy in the
treatment of bipolar disorder.
13. Psychodynamic Theory
Answer
Many psychodynamic theories about the cause of mood disorders seemed to "blame the victim"
and his or her family
14. Major Depressive Disorder
Answer
Major depressive disorder typically involves 2 weeks or more of a sad mood or lack of interest
in life activities, with at least four other symptoms of depression such as anhedonia and changes
in weight, sleep, energy, concentration, decision-making, self-esteem, and goals. Major
depression is twice as common in women and has a one-and-a-half to three times greater
incidence in first-degree relatives than in the general population. Incidence of de- pression
decreases with age in women and increases with age in men. Single and divorced people have
the highest incidence. Involves Norepinephrine and Serotonin neurotransmitters.
15. Paroxetine (Paxil)
side effects
Answer
Dizziness, sedation, headache, insomnia, weakness, fatigue, constipation, dry mouth and throat,
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and sweating.
nursing implications
Administer with food. Administer in PM if client is drowsy.
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