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Lewis Cancer Exam Questions with Latest Update
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What features of cancer cells distinguish them from normal cells (select all that apply)? a. Cells lack contact inhibition. b. Oncogenes maintain normal cell expression. c. Cells return to a previous undifferentiated state. d. Proliferation occurs when there is a need for more cells. e. New...

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  • October 18, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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  • lewis cancer exam questions with latest update
  • what features of cancer cells distinguish them fro

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Lewis Cancer Exam Questions with
Latest Update
What features of cancer cells distinguish them from normal cells (select all that apply)?

a. Cells lack contact inhibition.
b. Oncogenes maintain normal cell expression.
c. Cells return to a previous undifferentiated state. d. Proliferation occurs when there is
a need for more cells. e. New proteins characteristic of embryonic stage emerge on cell
membrane. - Answer-Correct answers: a, c, e
Rationale: Two major dysfunctions in the process of cancer are defective cell
proliferation (i.e., growth) and defective cell differentiation. Cancer cells lack contact
inhibition and are poorly differentiated. Cancer cell growth is infiltrative and expansive,
and cancer cells are abnormal and become more unlike parent cells.

A characteristic of the stage of progression in the development of cancer is

a. oncogenic viral transformation of target cells.
b. a reversible steady growth facilitated by carcinogens.
c. a period of latency before clinical detection of cancer.
d. proliferation of cancer cells despite host control mechanisms. - Answer-Correct
answer: d
Rationale: Progression is the final stage of cancer. This stage is characterized by
increased growth rate of the tumor, increased invasiveness, and spread of the cancer to
a distant site (i.e., metastasis). Progression occurs as a result of the following
characteristics of cancer cells: rapid proliferation and decreased cell adhesion.

The primary protective role of the immune system related to malignant cells is

a. surveillance for cells with tumor-associated antigens.
b. binding with free antigen released by malignant cells.
c. production of blocking factors that immobilize cancer cells.
d. reacting to a new set of antigenic determinants on cancer cells. - Answer-4. Correct
answer: a
Rationale: Cancer cells may display altered cell surface antigens as a result of
malignant transformation. These antigens are called tumor-associated antigens (TAAs).
One of the functions of the immune system is to respond to TAAs.

The nurse is caring for a 59-year-old woman who had surgery 1 day ago for removal of
a malignant abdominal mass. The patient is awaiting the pathology report. She is tearful
and says that she is scared to die. The most effective nursing intervention at this point is
to use this opportunity to
a. motivate change in an unhealthy lifestyle.
b. teach her about the seven warning signs of cancer.

, c. instruct her about healthy stress relief and coping practices.
d. let her communicate about the meaning of this experience. - Answer-. Correct
answer: d
Rationale: While the patient is waiting for diagnostic study results, you should be
available to actively listen to the patient's concerns, and you should be skilled in
techniques that can engage the patient and the family members or significant others in
a discussion about their cancer-related fears.

The goals of cancer treatment are based on the principle that

a. surgery is the single most effective treatment for cancer.
b. initial treatment is always directed toward cure of the cancer.
c. a combination of treatment modalities is effective for controlling many cancers.
d. although cancer cure is rare, quality of life can be increased with treatment
modalities. - Answer-Correct answer: c
Rationale: The goals of cancer treatment are cure, control, and palliation. When cure is
the goal, treatment is offered that is expected to have the greatest chance of disease
eradication. Curative cancer therapy depends on the particular cancer being treated and
may involve local therapies (i.e., surgery or radiation) alone or in combination, with or
without adjunctive systemic therapy (i.e., chemotherapy).

The most effective method of administering a chemotherapy agent that is a vesicant is
to

a. give it orally.
b. give it intraarterially.
c. use an Ommaya reservoir.
d. use a central venous access device. - Answer-Correct answer: d
Rationale: If vesicants are inadvertently infiltrated into the skin, severe local tissue
breakdown and necrosis may result. It is extremely important to monitor for and
promptly recognize symptoms associated with extravasation of a vesicant and to take
immediate action if it occurs. The infusion should be immediately turned off, and
protocols for drug-specific extravasation procedures should be followed to minimize
further tissue damage. Infusion with central venous access devices can reduce the risk
of infiltration of chemotherapy agents that are vesicants.

The nurse explains to a patient undergoing brachytherapy of the cervix that she

a. must undergo simulation to locate the treatment area.
b. requires the use of radioactive precautions during nursing care.
c. may experience desquamation of the skin on the abdomen and upper legs.
d. requires shielding of the ovaries during treatment to prevent ovarian damage. -
Answer-Correct answer: b
Rationale: Brachytherapy consists of the implantation or insertion of radioactive
materials directly into the tumor or adjacent to the tumor. Caring for the person
undergoing brachytherapy or receiving radiopharmaceuticals requires the nurse to take

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