Brock Biology of Microorganisms - Chapter 11 Exam Study Guide
4 views 0 purchase
Course
Brock Biology of Microorganisms
Institution
Brock Biology Of Microorganisms
Brock Biology of Microorganisms - Chapter
11 Exam Study Guide.
Mutation - answerheritable change in DNA sequence that can lead to a change in phenotype
(observable properties of an organism)
wild-type strain - answer-typically refers to strain isolated from nature
-this adjective for a strain ...
Brock Biology of Microorganisms - Chapter
11 Exam Study Guide.
Mutation - answer✔heritable change in DNA sequence that can lead to a change in phenotype
(observable properties of an organism)
wild-type strain - answer✔-typically refers to strain isolated from nature
-this adjective for a strain can also refer to just one gene
mutant - answer✔-a cell of virus derived from wild type that carries a nucleotide sequence
(genotype) change
-observable properties (phenotype) may also be altered
-can be obtained from parental strain derived from wild-type
genotype - answer✔-designated by italicized letters (three lowercase + capital letter) for a gene
(ex. hisC)
phenotype - answer✔-designated by capital letter + two lowercase letters and +/- to indicate
presence/absence (ex. His+ or His-)
isolation of mutants - answer✔styles are screening (nonselectable) versus selection (selectable)
selectable mutations - answer✔-makes isolation advantageous
-changing environmental conditions can allow progeny to outgrow and replace parent
-powerful genetic tool
-Ex. antibiotic resistance
nonselectable mutations - answer✔-does not make isolation advantageous
-can still lead to a phenotypic change
-requires time-consuming screening
isolation of nutritional auxotrophs - answer✔-use replica plating screening for isolation
-has an additional nutritional requirement for growth (ex. His-)
replica plating - answer✔-screens for nutritionally defective mutants
-transfer colonies from master plate
-inability of colony to grow medium lacking a nutrient indicates mutation?
-colony on master plate is picked, purified, and characterized
prototroph - answer✔parental strain (ex. His+)
spontaneous mutation - answer✔-mutations that occur without external intervention
-most result from occasional errors by DNA polymerase during replication
induced mutation - answer✔-mutations made environmentally and deliberately
-can result from exposure to natural radiation or chemicals that chemically modify DNA
point mutations - answer✔-mutations that change only one base pair
-can lead to single aa change in a protein, and incomplete protein, or no change at all
base-pair substitutions - answer✔missense, nonsense, and silent mutations
silent mutations - answer✔base-pair mutations that do not affect sequence of encoded
polypeptide or phenotype (almost always third base of codon)
missense mutation - answer✔-base-pair mutations that change sequence of aa in polypeptide
-if at a critical locations, especially active site, could alter activity
-does not always lead to dysfunction
nonsense mutation - answer✔-base-pair mutation that leads to stop codon
-typically results in truncated (incomplete) protein that lacks normal activity
truncated protein - answer✔an incomplete protein (as a result of nonsense mutation)
transitions - answer✔base-pair mutations where purines are substituted for purines (or
pyrimidines substituted for pyrimidines)
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller sirjoel. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
