Hot Working ANS✔✔ Any metal-forming operation performed above a metal's recrystallization temperature. Material
loss, poor finish. Large, repeated deformations are possible.
Cold Working ANS✔✔ The plastic deformation of a metal at a temperature below that at which it recrystallizes. Increase
in strength, decrease in ductility, higher finish quality, higher dimensional control.
Hot Rolling ANS✔✔ red-hot steel structural shapes and plates rolled into shapes. Reduction in thickness. Used to
convert large ingots or larger slabs into workable sizes.
Cold Rolling ANS✔✔ low temperature deformation of sheets and simple shapes. Superior surface finish.
Closed-die Forging ANS✔✔ the workpiece is deformed between two die halves which
carry the impressions of the desired final shape.
forged metals ANS✔✔ outstanding grain structures and the best combination of
mechanical properties.
Open-die Forging ANS✔✔ sometimes used to preform the workpiece for closed-die forging. carried out between flat or
simple shape dies and is mostly
used for large objects or when the number of parts produced is small.
Extrusion ANS✔✔ A bar is forced through a die orifice by a compressive force applied to a ram.
The extruded piece that emerges has a desired shape and a reduced cross sectional area
Hydroforming ANS✔✔ A specialized type of die forming that uses a high pressure hydraulic fluid to
press room temperature working material into a die.
, Solution 2024/2025
Pepper
Drawing ANS✔✔ Pulling of a metal piece through a die having a tapered bore.
A tensile force is applied on the exit side
Casting ANS✔✔ fabrication process in which molten metal is poured into a mold
cavity with a desired shape. The metal assumes the shape of the mold but experiences some shrinkage
Expendable Mold ANS✔✔ involves the use of temporary, non-reusable molds,
including sand, plastic, shell, plaster, and investment (lost-wax technique)
Non-Expendable Mold ANS✔✔ the mold is reformed after each production
cycle, includes permanent, die, centrifugal, and continuous casting
Solidification Shrinkage ANS✔✔ The shrinkage caused by solidification can leave cavities in a casting, weakening it
Thermal Contraction ANS✔✔ Shrinkage after solidification can be dealt with by using an oversized pattern
and mold designed for the relevant alloy.
When the molten metal solidifies, it will shrink and the casting will be the size
required by the design
Riser ANS✔✔ reservoir built into a metal-casting mold to prevent cavities due to shrinkage. provides molten metal at
the point of likely shrinkage, so
that the cavity forms in the riser, not the casting.
Chvorinov's Rule ANS✔✔ states that the solidification time t of molten metal is related
to the constant C (which depends on the thermal properties of the mold and
the material) and the local volume (V) and surface area (A) of the material
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