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MRCS B Anatomy Exam Questions With Correct Answers
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MRCS B Anatomy Exam Questions With Correct Answers What are the four parts of the stomach? - answercardia, fundus, body, pylorus How could you tell the difference between the jejunum and the ileum? - answerThe jejunum is larger, thicker, more vascular and a darker red than the ileum. It has lo...

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  • October 18, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/11/2024 1:41 PM



MRCS B Anatomy Exam Questions With
Correct Answers


What are the four parts of the stomach? - answer✔cardia, fundus, body, pylorus


How could you tell the difference between the jejunum and the ileum? - answer✔The jejunum is

larger, thicker, more vascular and a darker red than the ileum.

It has longer vasa recta and fewer arcades.

How can you tell the difference between large and small bowel on an abdominal radiograph? -

answer✔Large bowel has haustrae, which extend only a third of the way across the bowel from

each side, whereas small bowel has valvulae conniventes which traverse the complete distance.




Occasionally, location can help, with small bowel tending to be more central (beware a drooping

transverse colon!).




During an operative procedure, the colon can be further distinguished from small bowel by the

presence of the appendices epiploicae and taenia coli.

, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/11/2024 1:41 PM


What are the functions of the pancreas? - answer✔The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine

functions.




The pancreatic acini perform the exocrine functions, producing and secreting digestive enzymes.




The Islets of Langerhans perform the endocrine function:




Alpha cells - produce and secrete glucagon

Beta cells - produce and secrete insulin

Delta cells - produce and secrete somatostatin

Gamma cells - produce pancreatic polypeptide


Describe the blood supply to the pancreas - answer✔The pancreas has three main sources of

blood supply:




The superior pancreaticoduodenal (from the gastroduodenal) and inferior pancreaticoduodenal

(from the superior mesenteric) arteries supply the head of the pancreas.

Pancreatic branches from the splenic artery supply the remainder of the pancreas.

, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/11/2024 1:41 PM




Venous drainage follows arterial supply, to the superior mesenteric and portal veins, and the

splenic vein respectively.


What is Meckel's diverticulum? - answer✔Meckel's diverticulum is the remnant of the

embryological vitellointestinal duct (which connects the midgut to the yolk sac).




Commonly it obeys the 'Rule of 2s': occurs in 2% of the population; is 2 inches long; occurs 2

feet from the ileocaecal valve and is twice as common in males as in females. It should be looked

for during all appendicectomies when a normal appendix is found.




It is important as a Meckel's can cause a number of complications:




Acute inflammation - can often mimic appendicitis, and should always be looked for at

laparoscopy when a normal appendix is found.

Ulceration and bleeding - often the diverticulum is lined with hydrochloric acid producing

gastric mucosa

Perforation

Intussusception

, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/11/2024 1:41 PM


Obstruction

Littre's Hernia - when found in an inguinal or femoral hernia sac


What are the relations of the kidney? - answer✔The immediate relations to the kidney are:




Above - the diaphragm




Below - quadratus lumborum




Medially - psoas major




Laterally - transversus abdominis




antero-superiorly - adrenal glands




Each kidney has numerous anterior relations as seen here:


Which fascia surrounds the kidneys? - answer✔Gerota's fascia

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