Define Eating Disorders Answer: -Approximately 5% of the population will experience an eating disorder at one
point in their lives
-Eating disorders are behavioral conditions characterized by severe and persistent disturbance in eating behaviors and
associated distressing thoughts and emotions
-Eating disorders can be very serious conditions affecting physical, psychological, and social function
What are 3 types of eating disorders? Answer: Anorexia nervosa
Bulimia nervosa
Binge eating disorder
Describe the bio/psycho/social/spiritual risk factors for EATING DISORDERS. Answer: -Spiritual = Sense of well-being,
QoL, attitudes
-Social = Ideals of beauty, media, fashion, cultural
-Psychological = Low self-esteem, body dissatisfaction, ineffectiveness/lack of assertiveness
-Biologic = Dieting, metabolic rate
--> Family-embedded, more holistic etiology than other conditions (e.g clinical depression)
What is the Continuum of Eating Experience? Answer: unrestricted eating (may include binge eating) → watchful
eating ("dieter") + "body sculptor") → increasing weight and shape preoccupation ("yo-yo dieting pattern") → clinical
eating disorders
-Not linear can go back and forth between stages
-Everyone is on the spectrum
-Anorexia, bulimia, binge eating → at the extreme end of spectrum
, Solution 2024/2025
Pepper
Define these concepts:
-Binge eating
-Dietary restraint Answer: Binge eating:
-Rapid, episodic, impulsive, and uncontrollable ingestion of large amounts of food over a short period of time (1-2 hours)
-Eating followed by guilt, remorse, and severe dieting
Dietary restraint:
-Restricting intake is believed to explain the relationship between dieting and binge behaviour
-Restraining intake is predictive of overeating.
What are the Diagnostic Criteria for Anorexia Nervosa? Answer: -Restriction of energy intake relative to
requirements leading to a significantly low body weight
-Intense fear of gaining weight or of becoming fat or persistent behavior that interferes with weight gain even though at
a significantly low weight
-Disturbance in the way in which one's body weight or shape is experienced undue influence of body weight, or shape
on self-evaluation or persistent lack of recognition of the seriousness of current low body weight
→Example of body dysmorphia
-Onset in adolescence or early adulthood → tweens (fifth grader), harder to catch
-Chronic condition with relapses characterized by significant weight loss.
-Higher all-cause mortality than all other psychiatric disorders with the exception of substance abuse and postpartum
admission.
→MEDICAL EMERGENCY: If BMI goes under 15, body can't function
What are the types of Anorexia Nervosa (AVOIDING WEIGHT GAIN/LOSING WEIGHT)? Answer: Restricting Type
(Primary type)
-Dieting
-Fasting
, Solution 2024/2025
Pepper
-Excessive exercise
→Burns excessive calories
Binge eating/Purging Type - elimination of intake/calories
-Self-induced vomiting
-Purging is weight-driven (bulimia is not; it is feelings of guilt)
-Misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas
How are Bulimia and Anorexia Nervosa different? Answer: DIFFERENT FROM BULIMIA → bulimia is to eliminate guilt
+ coping, while anorexia is to avoid weight gain
In bulimia → weight can just be one of the stressors, binging/purging is done as a coping mechanism
In anorexia → weight is the ONLY factor
Anorexia Nervosa: Epidemiology Answer: -0.3% to 1% prevalence
-Mostly in 14- to 16-year-olds - When being diagnosed
-Female-to-male ratio: 10:1
-Culturally defined body weight expectations (e.g., beauty standards)
-Familial predisposition
→Intergenerational trauma: parents with disordered eating pass on their beliefs/values to their children
-Comorbid with mood or anxiety disorders, alcohol abuse/dependence, and depression
Describe the bio/psycho/social/spiritual aetiologies for clients with Anorexia Nervosa. Answer: Anorexia Nervosa:
Bio-psychosocial Aetiologies
-Spiritual
→Spiritual distress
-Social
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