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Cambridge IGCSE™
Biology
Third Edition
Dave Hayward
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© Dave Hayward 2021
First published in 2013
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,Contents
Preface
1 Characteristics and classification of living organisms 2
2 Organisation of the organism 7
3 Movement into and out of cells 11
4 Biological molecules 15
5 Enzymes 18
6 Plant nutrition 21
7 Human nutrition 27
8 Transport in plants 33
9 Transport in animals 36
10 Diseases and immunity 41
11 Gas exchange in humans 43
12 Respiration 48
13 Excretion in humans 51
14 Coordination and response 54
15 Drugs 59
16 Reproduction 61
17 Inheritance 68
18 Variation and selection 74
19 Organisms and their environment 78
20 Human influences on ecosystems 87
21 Biotechnology and genetic modification 91
Preface
This new edition of the Cambridge IGCSE Biology Workbook is designed as a ‘write-in’ book for
students to practise and test their knowledge and understanding of the content of the Cambridge
IGCSETM Biology syllabus.
The sections are presented with the same headings and in the same order as in the Student’s
Book, Cambridge IGCSE Biology Fourth Edition, and as in the Cambridge IGCSETM Biology syllabus
for examination from 2023. All questions have been marked as either Core or Supplement and
the relevant Student’s Book chapter number matches the Workbook chapters. At the end of every
section, there are longer questions (Exam-style questions), which aim to introduce students to
an examination-style format. Note that these are not past paper questions, they are exam-style
questions, written by the author of this book. The answers have also been written by the author.
These questions are also identified as Core or Supplement.
To ensure the student’s answers to the questions are kept together, there are spaces provided to
write in. Extra paper may be needed to answer some questions.
This Workbook should be used as an additional resource throughout your Cambridge IGCSE Biology
course alongside the Student’s Book. The ‘write-in’ design is ideal for use in class by students or
for homework.
, Characteristics and
1 classification of living
organisms
Core
1 Draw lines to match each characteristic of living organisms to its definition.
Characteristic Definition
the chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules
nutrition
and release energy for metabolism
respiration a permanent increase in size
excretion making more of the same kind of organism
sensitivity taking in materials for energy, growth and development
an action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of
reproduction
position or place
the ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal or external
growth
environment
movement the removal of waste products of metabolism
2 Distinguish between respiration and breathing, with reference to what happens in each process
and where it occurs.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
3 Explain why biologists do not accept defecation as an example of excretion.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
2 Photocopying prohibited Cambridge IGCSE™ Biology Workbook Third Edition
, 1 Characteristics and classification of living organisms
4 Name two features that each of the following pairs of vertebrates have in common and one feature
that makes them different.
Pair of vertebrates Common feature Feature that makes them different
1
fish and amphibians
2
1
amphibians and reptiles
2
1
birds and mammals
2
5 Identify the invertebrate groups labelled A–D described on the invertebrate key. Record your
answers below.
arthropods
three pairs more than three
A
of legs pairs of legs
A B
no antennae
B
one pair two pairs
C
of antennae of antennae
C D D
6 The diagram shows four species of flowering plants.
A B C D
Use the key below to identify the name of each flowering plant. Complete the table by putting a tick
in the correct boxes to show how you have identified each plant. Plant A has been done for you.
1 a leaves narrow go to 2
b leaves broad go to 3
2 a flowers bell-shaped Hyacinthoides non-scripta
b flowers trumpet-shaped Narcissus pseudonarcissus
3 a leaves heart-shaped Ranunculus ficaria
b leaves club-shaped Primula vulgaris
Plant 1a 1b 2a 2b 3a 3b Name of plant
A – ✓ – – – ✓ Primula vulgaris
B
C
D
Cambridge IGCSE™ Biology Workbook Third Edition Photocopying prohibited 3
,1 Characteristics and classification of living organisms
Supplement
7 a State three features that:
i all flowering plants possess
1
2
3
ii all flowering plant cells possess.
1
2
3
b Complete the table to distinguish between monocotyledons and dicotyledons.
Feature Monocotyledon Dicotyledon
leaf shape long and narrow
leaf veins branching
cotyledons one
grouping of flower parts, in fours or fives
e.g. petals
8 Complete the table by naming each of the kingdoms of organisms described. The first has been
done for you.
Kingdom Description
animal Multicellular organisms that have to obtain their food. Their cells do not have walls.
Single-celled, with a nucleus. Some have chloroplasts.
Many are made of hyphae, with nuclei and cell walls (containing chitin), but no
chloroplasts.
Multicellular organisms with the ability to make their own food through
photosynthesis, due to the presence of chlorophyll. Their cells have walls (containing
cellulose).
Very small and single-celled, with cell walls, but no nucleus.
4 Photocopying prohibited Cambridge IGCSE™ Biology Workbook Third Edition
, 1 Characteristics and classification of living organisms
Exam-style questions
Core
1 A sheep is observed over a number of hours. State three observations that could be made to
show that the sheep is a living organism.
1
2
3 [3]
2 A car is non-living, but shows some characteristics that are also observed in living things.
a State two characteristics that the car has in common with living things.
1
2 [2]
b State two characteristics of living things that a car does not show.
1
2 [2]
[Total: 4]
3 The diagram shows a bacterium. It demonstrates a number of the characteristics of living
things such as reproduction, movement and respiration.
Name three other characteristics of living things that you would expect the bacterium to show.
1 ........................................... 2 ........................................... 3 ........................................... [3]
Cambridge IGCSE™ Biology Workbook Third Edition Photocopying prohibited 5
,1 Characteristics and classification of living organisms
4 The diagram shows five species of an invertebrate group called molluscs.
A B C D
E
Use the key to identify each species. Write your answers in the table.
molluscs
Letter Species name
A
B
shell with two pieces shell with one piece
C
Cerastoderma edule D
E
shell without coils shell coiled
[5]
Patella vulgata
oval opening shell opening shell opening
to shell, coil with drawn out small and
flattened piece, coil long round, very
and pointed straight sided coil
Nucella Littorina Calliostoma
lapillus obtusata ziziphinum
Supplement
5 Explain how DNA is used in:
a the classification of organisms
...............................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................... [3]
b investigating the closeness of relationships between organisms.
...............................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 5]
6 Photocopying prohibited Cambridge IGCSE™ Biology Workbook Third Edition
, 2 Organisation of the organism
Core
1 State whether each of the statements is true or false. Circle T or F.
a The outer layer of an animal cell is a cell wall. T / F
b All cells have a nucleus. T / F
c Some plant cells have chloroplasts for photosynthesis. T / F
d Root cells do not have chloroplasts. T / F
e Membranes are strong to stop the cell bursting. T / F
f Cell walls are non-living. T / F
g Cell walls are freely permeable, allowing water and salts to pass through. T / F
h The vacuole of a cell contains cell structures such as chloroplasts. T / F
i DNA is found in the nucleus. T / F
j The cytoplasm of some white blood cells can flow to engulf microbes. T / F
2 a Label parts A–F on the diagram of the leaf palisade cell.
A ............................................................
B ............................................................
C ............................................................
D ............................................................
E ............................................................
F ............................................................
b State three parts, present in this cell, which would not be found in an animal cell such as a liver cell.
1 2 3
3 Put the following terms in order of size from smallest to largest.
organ nucleus chromosome cell organ system organism tissue
(smallest) (largest)
Cambridge IGCSE™ Biology Workbook Third Edition Photocopying prohibited 7
