N232 Midterm Exam - Inflammation, Infection, Immunity,
and Sleep Questions With Complete Solutions
1st line of defense Correct Answer surface and chemical
barriers
2 balancing aspects that regulate our sleep (theory) Correct
Answer - 24hr circadian rhythm (tracks day and night)
- homeostatic process (tracks time awake and time asleep)
2 distinct sleep stages Correct Answer - NREM
- REM
2nd line of defense Correct Answer inflammatory response
3 layers of the small intestine Correct Answer - mucous
columnar epithelium
- lamina propria
- muscularis
3 major goals of inflammation Correct Answer - to increase
blood flow to the site of an injury (vascular response)
- to alert the products of healing to attend to the site of injury
(cellular response)
- to remove injured tissue and prepare the site for repair and
healing
,3 pathways of the complement system Correct Answer -
classical
- alternative
- lectin
3rd line of defense Correct Answer immune response
4 ways antibiotics work against bacteria Correct Answer -
bacterial cell wall
- metabolic interference
- DNA and protein synthesis interference
- cell membrane damage
5 phases of acute infection Correct Answer - exposure
- incubation
- prodrome - feeling under the weather
- icterus - acute clinical illness and full manifestations
- covalence - manifestations to full recovery
a primary immune response occurs when Correct Answer when
the body is first exposed to an antigen and lymphocyte is
activated
a scab (thrombus) is formed from Correct Answer dried blood
and exudate
active immunity Correct Answer - development of antibodies
in response to an antigen
- achieved through having a disease or vaccine immunization
,active immunity Correct Answer immunity is acquired
immunity that happens over time in response to exposure to
antigens. Usually lasts a long time (even for life)
acute gastritis Correct Answer - caused by ingestion of irritants
like aspirin or alcohol
acute inflammation is triggered by Correct Answer tissue
injury
acute sinusitis Correct Answer - 4-8 wks
- viral
- secretions normally flow out the ostia into the nose
- when ostia is blocked it results in sinusitis
, adaptive immune defense is characterized by Correct Answer -
specificity
- memory
adaptive immunity Correct Answer the ability to recognize and
remember specific antigens and mount an attack on them
adaptive immunity cell differentiation Correct Answer -
pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell
- lymphoid progenitor or myeloid progenitor
- L - NK, T and B
- M - monocytes, dendritic cells, granulocytes and mast cells
addison's disease Correct Answer - vague, chronic, non-
specific complaints
- abnormal lab values
- dehydration, weakness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, anorexia and
weight loss
adenosine effect on sleep Correct Answer - build up in the
body as a person is awake e
- signals us to sleep
- when asleep we break this down
adhesion molecules role in healing Correct Answer to provide
sticiness to these cells
adhesions Correct Answer fibrous connections between serous
cavities and nearby tissues
adrenal corticosteroids Correct Answer - synthesized as needed
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