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Microbiology Final Exam Cscc Questions And Answers With Verified Solutions Already Passed Latest Updated 2024
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Microbiology Final Exam Cscc Questions And Answers With Verified Solutions Already Passed Latest Updated 2024

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  • October 19, 2024
  • 38
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • what are
  • microbiology final exam cscc questions and answers
  • how did the plague contribute to microbiology
  • who was the first to see microorganisms how when
  • what are the various types of microorganisms

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Microbiology Final Exam Cscc
Questions And Answers With Verified
Solutions Already Passed Latest
Updated 2024
How did the plague contribute to microbiology? - ANSWER✔✔The plague
contributed to microbiology because it made people start to ask questions of why
this was occurring. Some believed it was God's punishment for sin and others had
more rational reasons, which lead to modern scientific explanations. The plague
ultimately lead to the upbringing of the Germ Theory, which said that it was
caused by bacteria.


Who was the first to see microorganisms? How? When? - ANSWER✔✔Anton
Leeuwenhoek was the first to see microorganisms. He lived from 1632 to 1723 and
was an expert lens grinder. He could observe much smaller particles with his
microscopes than others could. He collected rainwater and was the first to see
living microorganisms. He also took his teeth scrapings and was the first to
observed bacteria. When he took scrapings from rotten teeth, he saw an abundant
amount of bacteria. Leeuwenhoek then concluded that the diseased teeth were
causing the bacteria.


What are the various types of microorganisms? - ANSWER✔✔The first category
is Bacteria. These are unicellular, prokaryotic (no nucleus and no internal
membranes), have a cell wall that contains peptidoglycan, and are the most
abundant life form. The second group is Archae. These are unicellular, prokaryotic,
and they live in extreme environments. The third group is the Eukarya. These can
be unicellular or multicellular, Eukaryotic (nucleus and internal membrane), and
there are 4 kingdoms (Animali, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista).


What are prokaryotes and eukaryotes? - ANSWER✔✔Prokaryotes have no
nucleus and no internal membranes. Eukaryotes have a nucleus and have internal
membranes.

,What are viruses - ANSWER✔✔Viruses are nonliving obligate intracellular
parasites.


What roles do microorganisms play in the environment, food production, and
biotechnology? - ANSWER✔✔Microorganisms play a role in the environment
with O2 production via photosynthesis and also with decomposition and nutrient
recycling. They play a role in food production with bread, beer, wine, yogurt
(Lactobacillus acidophilus), and cheese. They play a role in biotechnology with
genetic engineering (producing human insulin) and gene editing (CRISPR method)


What impacts have microorganism had on history? - ANSWER✔✔Modern science
came from history, like the plague. For example, in 1521 when Cortez conquered
the Aztecs bringing over smallpox and in 1860 during the civil war most people
died from the infections, which could have changed some results in both these
historical events.


When was the "Golden Age of Microbiology" - ANSWER✔✔The Golden Age of
Microbiology was a 50 year period between mid 1800's and early 1900's


What questions did scientist attempt to answer? - ANSWER✔✔The four key
question these scientist attempted to answer were:
1. Does life arise spontaneously?
2. What causes fermentation?
3. What causes diseases?
4. How can disease be prevented?


What is the theory of spontaneous generation? - ANSWER✔✔Life arises
spontaneously from non-living materia

,Who contributed to disproving spontaneous generation? - ANSWER✔✔1.
Francesco Redi (1626-1698) - covered one meat with gauze so flies could not land
on it and left the other one exposed, which grew maggots on it. People said
spontaneous generation needed air, this was his second experiment
2. Lazzaro Spallanzai (1729-1799) - heated broth after it was sealed so no
microbes from the air could enter the flask, nothing grew (stayed sterile)
3. Louis Pasteur - used swan-necked flask, air could still get in but microbes got
trapped in the neck of the flask, the broth stayed sterile


What is fermentation? - ANSWER✔✔Formation of alcohol from sugar


What were historically thought to be causes of disease? - ANSWER✔✔God's
wrath, Satan/Evil Spirits, Foul Vapor, Imbalance of humors (fluids) making too
much of one, Germ Theory of Disease (1870s) Pasteur and Koch


What contributions did Koch make to microbiology? - ANSWER✔✔Koch
discovered rod shaped bacteria (Bacillus). He cultured the bacteria, and injected
them into healthy animals. He discovered that the two sets of blood cultures
contained the same bacteria. He discovered the cause of anthrax


Who developed the germ theory of disease - ANSWER✔✔Pasteur and Koch


What are distinguishing features of prokaryotic cell? - ANSWER✔✔1. Typically
their DNA is not enclosed within a membrane and is usually singular, circularly
arranged chromosome
2. DNA is not associated with histones, other proteins associated with DNA
3. They generally lack organelles
4. Their cell walls almost always contain peptidoglycan

, 5. They usually divide by binary fission


How small are prokaryotic cells? - ANSWER✔✔1-10 micrometers


What are the primary shapes and arrangements of prokaryotic cells? -
ANSWER✔✔- Coccus (round)
- Bacillus (rod)
- Vibrio (bent rod)
- Spirllium
- Spirochete
Arrangement
- single
-strepto (chain)
- Diplococcus (short chain)
- Staphylo (cluster)


What is the glycocalyx - ANSWER✔✔Outer covering composed of carbohydrates.
Used for attachment and helps avoid white blood cells of the immune system


What are flagella, fimbriae, and pili - ANSWER✔✔- Flagella: complex protein
machine used for motility
- Fimbriae: short protein "hairs", used for attachment
- Pili: Hollow protein tube, used for material exchange, genetic information


What is a cell wall? Why is the cell wall important? - ANSWER✔✔It is a rigid
structure, that protects against water uptake. It is made up of peptidoglycan

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