Bio 181 Exam 1 Questions and Answers New (2025/2026) Solved 100% Correct
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Course
Bio 181
Institution
Bio 181
Electron microscope - ️️instrument that uses a beam of electrons instead of light to
magnify structures up to 500,000 times actual size; allows scientists to view structures
within a cell
Aquaporin - ️️A transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell
that specificall...
Bio 181 Exam 1
Electron microscope - ✔️✔️instrument that uses a beam of electrons instead of light to
magnify structures up to 500,000 times actual size; allows scientists to view structures
within a cell
Aquaporin - ✔️✔️A transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell
that specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane (osmosis).
Cancer - ✔️✔️any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled
cell division
Cell - ✔️✔️(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms
Cell theory - ✔️✔️(biology) the theory that cells form the fundamental structural and
functional units of all living organisms
Cell wall - ✔️✔️a thin membrane around the cytoplasm of a cell
Chloroplast - ✔️✔️an organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis
occurs
Cilia - ✔️✔️ ATP - ✔️✔️(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use
for most of their work
The hairlike projections on the outside of cells that move in a wavelike manner
Cytoplasm - ✔️✔️a jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
Cytoskeleton - ✔️✔️network of proteins in the cytoplasm that help cell maintain its
shape
Cytosol - ✔️✔️the semifluid portion of the cytoplasm
DNA - ✔️✔️deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains the information that
determines inherited characteristics
Endomembrane system - ✔️✔️The collection of membranes inside and around a
eukaryotic cell
Endoplasmic reticulum - ✔️✔️internal transport system of the cell, modifies proteins,
and synthesizes lipids
, Eukaryote - ✔️✔️A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Extracellular matrix - ✔️✔️The substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded,
consisting of protein and polysaccharides.
Flagella - ✔️✔️whiplike tails found in one-celled organisms to aid in movement
Golgi apparatus - ✔️✔️stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and
packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum
Light microscope - ✔️✔️microscope that uses a beam of light passing through one or
more lenses to magnify an object
Lysosome - ✔️✔️cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain
materials in the cell
Microfilament - ✔️✔️solid rod of protein, thinner than a microtubule, that enables a cell
to move or change shape
Microtubule - ✔️✔️thin, hollow cylinders made of protein that provide structural support
for eukaryotic cells
Mitochondria - ✔️✔️the organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy
Nucleolus - ✔️✔️The organelle where ribosomes are made, synthesized and partially
assembled, located in the nucleus
Peroxisome - ✔️✔️a microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from
various substrates to oxygen, producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide
Pili - ✔️✔️short, hairlike protein structures on the surface of some bacteria
Plant cell wall - ✔️✔️Made out of cellulose/ Provides support and protection for the cell
Prokaryote - ✔️✔️A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound
organelles
Ribosome - ✔️✔️An organelle that functions in the synthesis of proteins
Rough endoplasmic reticulum - ✔️✔️a region that is recognized by the grainy
appearance of the ribosomes on their outer surface, where the cell's proteins are made
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