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Islamophobia Midterm Exam-Questions with Correct Answers/Verified
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Islamophobia Midterm Exam-Questions with Correct Answers/Verified
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Islamophobia Midterm Exam-Questions with CorrectAnswers/Verified
Omi and Winant definition of Race - ✔✔- Race is a complex of social meanings that changes
over time due to historical and social conflicts and interests
- Race is an attempt to categorize the human spectrum and to enforce some social order
- it is flexible and fluid
- Omi and Winant reject static definitions of race such as a biological fact or an illusion
- Irish and Italians used to be seen as "not white"
Rival scholarly explanations for racial phenomenon - Omi and Winant - ✔✔- Rejection of the
idea that racial phenomenon can be explained solely by ethnicity, class, or nation
- Nation: global, political struggle for power; colonial relationship. Race is defined by the
country you are from--people of different races exist in the same country
- ethnicity: Black African Americans vs. African immigrants: although Black African
Americans might be treated worse in the US, colorism still exists--colorblindness is not the
answer to racism
- Class: African Americans experience racism because of class or economic status; in reality,
racial phenomenon may be the cause of economic disparity
- people have experiences that cannot be reduced to any one of these factors; need racial
lens to fully understand
Racial Formation as defined by Omi and Winant - ✔✔Social and historical process by which
racial categories are created, inhabited, transformed, and destroyed
, Racial Projects - ✔✔an interpretation, representation, or explanation of racial dynamics,
and an effort to reorganize and redistribute resources along particular racial lines
- helps to explain how people of different races interact in the world
- projects can be individual and institutional and they serve to reinforce existing racial
hierarchies
- Ex: restrictive state voting rights laws, organizing work for immigrants, prisoners, and
community health rights in the ghetto or barrio
- can also be used to resist set societal power structures
Mignolo - Hispanophobia - ✔✔Systematic prejudice or fear of Hispanic and Latin American
peoples and cultures, often rooted in historical colonial relations and power structures
- Mignolo argues that Hispanophobia has helped shape historical narratives and perceptions
of Latin America and the Hispanic world leading to the marginalization and inferiority of
Hispanic identities and cultures
- stereotypes: all have homogenous origins, out to steal American jobs, Latino men =
dominance & violence, unwilling to learn English or integrate
Mignolo - Black Legend - ✔✔-Theorized and historical narrative tendency consisting of anti-
Catholic and anti-Spanish propaganda circulated by rival European powers
- negative portrayal of Spain and Spanish colonization in historical accounts, particularly
emphasizing atrocities committed against Indigenous peoples
-accuses Spaniards of cruelty, intolerance, and exploitation of Indigenous peoples. While
true, black legend often exaggerated these actions to discredit Spain and its Catholic
monarchy
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