NUR 211 Test 4
1. Community nursing focus
Answer
Health promotion and maintenance Prevention
Slowing disease progression
Improve quality of life
Health promotion
exercise, nutrition, vaccines, smoking cessation, preventative medicine
We should educate people as early as possible
2. What makes a community healthy?
Answer
Time magazine link
Buncombe County Unemployment Rate link
Look at health indicators and health determinants
Five influencers of health
Answer
Policy making
Social factors
Health services
Individual behavior
Biology and genetics
3. Health Prevention
Answer
Primary - health promotion and prevention
Secondary -health maintenance, screening
,Tertiary - minimizing disease progression, improve quality of life
4. Epidemiology
Answer
Look at statistical information regarding the spread of disease, number of people affected,
evaluate prevention programs
CDC MMWR link
Incidence - number of new cases per 1,000 people
Prevalence - number of existing cases at a specific time per 1,000 people
Mortality Rate - number of deaths from a specific cause per 1,000 people
Morbidity - incidence of a specificdisease
5. Incidence
Answer
number of new cases per 1,000 people
6. Prevalence
Answer
number of existing cases at a specific time per 1,000 people
7. Mortality rate
Answer
number of deaths from a specific cause per 1,000 people
8. Morbidity
Answer
incidence of a specific disease
9. Windshield survey
Answer
Assessing the community health by driving around and looking at the community
What are you looking for? Collect data
Assess, Diagnose, Plan, Implement, Evaluate
Policy making helps determine health through how much money goes to services to help with
medical costs, rules about what health providers can and cant do.
,Also social factors determine health Genetics also plays a role in health
10. What is available for the consumer?
Answer
Media - Television, radio, commercials, billboards
Literacy -education materials must be at a 5th grade reading level Immunizations
Buncombe County Immunization Rates
What is out in the community for the consumer to learn and know regarding health? How do you
identify what is available and what is needed?
11. What is sickle-cell?
Answer
Normally people have Hgb-AA Glutamic acid
Affected individuals have Hgb-SS Switches glutamic acid for Valine
Cell has shortened life span
Translation
hemoglobin is abnormal, therefore it doesn't function as well Autosomal Recessive Disorder
25% chance of children obtaining
What would individuals with Hgb-AS be? Carriers (Sickle Cell Trait)
Incidence
African Americans
Mediterranean, Caribbean, South America, Central America, Arabia, East India Hemolytic
anemia
It is designated as hemoglobin AA which means it is normal hemoglobin and contains glutamic
acid
If glutamic acid is replaced by Valine, it is changes to Hgb SS
If someone has AS it means they are a carrier but will not have the active disease. Autosomal
Recessive Disorder
Answer
If both parents are carriers, a child has a 25% chance of getting sickle cell and 50% to be a
carrier
, Genetic, cells are more likely to be misshaped which causes them to get stuck and also decreases
their oxygen carrying capacity
12. Genetic inheritance of sickle cell
Answer
This demonstrates the gene inheritance pattern for parents that are carriers that have children
Autosomal Recessive
Genetic counseling for parents that are both carriers
13. Types of sickle cell disease
Answer
Sickle Cell Anemia Most severe
Most common
Homozygous for hemoglobin S (HgbS) Sickle Cell C Disease
2nd most common Sickle cell (HgbC) Sickle Cell
Sickle cell (Hgb E) Sickle Cell Thalassemia
Less severe and less common
14. Pathophysiology of sickle cell
Answer
Cells sickle, begin to clump together and form a stoppage but it is different from a clot but can
function like a clot in stopping blood flow to certain areas
Blood becomes viscous
Prevents blood flow to tissues (especially smaller tissues) Two types of vessels affected most?
Venules and capillaries
Triggering events Stress
Traumatic event Infection
Fever Acidosis
Physical exertion Excessive cold exposure
Hypoxia is a big one because low oxygen causes more sickling which causes lower oxygen
which causes more sickling
Etc....
15. Do individuals with sickle cell have pain?
1. Community nursing focus
Answer
Health promotion and maintenance Prevention
Slowing disease progression
Improve quality of life
Health promotion
exercise, nutrition, vaccines, smoking cessation, preventative medicine
We should educate people as early as possible
2. What makes a community healthy?
Answer
Time magazine link
Buncombe County Unemployment Rate link
Look at health indicators and health determinants
Five influencers of health
Answer
Policy making
Social factors
Health services
Individual behavior
Biology and genetics
3. Health Prevention
Answer
Primary - health promotion and prevention
Secondary -health maintenance, screening
,Tertiary - minimizing disease progression, improve quality of life
4. Epidemiology
Answer
Look at statistical information regarding the spread of disease, number of people affected,
evaluate prevention programs
CDC MMWR link
Incidence - number of new cases per 1,000 people
Prevalence - number of existing cases at a specific time per 1,000 people
Mortality Rate - number of deaths from a specific cause per 1,000 people
Morbidity - incidence of a specificdisease
5. Incidence
Answer
number of new cases per 1,000 people
6. Prevalence
Answer
number of existing cases at a specific time per 1,000 people
7. Mortality rate
Answer
number of deaths from a specific cause per 1,000 people
8. Morbidity
Answer
incidence of a specific disease
9. Windshield survey
Answer
Assessing the community health by driving around and looking at the community
What are you looking for? Collect data
Assess, Diagnose, Plan, Implement, Evaluate
Policy making helps determine health through how much money goes to services to help with
medical costs, rules about what health providers can and cant do.
,Also social factors determine health Genetics also plays a role in health
10. What is available for the consumer?
Answer
Media - Television, radio, commercials, billboards
Literacy -education materials must be at a 5th grade reading level Immunizations
Buncombe County Immunization Rates
What is out in the community for the consumer to learn and know regarding health? How do you
identify what is available and what is needed?
11. What is sickle-cell?
Answer
Normally people have Hgb-AA Glutamic acid
Affected individuals have Hgb-SS Switches glutamic acid for Valine
Cell has shortened life span
Translation
hemoglobin is abnormal, therefore it doesn't function as well Autosomal Recessive Disorder
25% chance of children obtaining
What would individuals with Hgb-AS be? Carriers (Sickle Cell Trait)
Incidence
African Americans
Mediterranean, Caribbean, South America, Central America, Arabia, East India Hemolytic
anemia
It is designated as hemoglobin AA which means it is normal hemoglobin and contains glutamic
acid
If glutamic acid is replaced by Valine, it is changes to Hgb SS
If someone has AS it means they are a carrier but will not have the active disease. Autosomal
Recessive Disorder
Answer
If both parents are carriers, a child has a 25% chance of getting sickle cell and 50% to be a
carrier
, Genetic, cells are more likely to be misshaped which causes them to get stuck and also decreases
their oxygen carrying capacity
12. Genetic inheritance of sickle cell
Answer
This demonstrates the gene inheritance pattern for parents that are carriers that have children
Autosomal Recessive
Genetic counseling for parents that are both carriers
13. Types of sickle cell disease
Answer
Sickle Cell Anemia Most severe
Most common
Homozygous for hemoglobin S (HgbS) Sickle Cell C Disease
2nd most common Sickle cell (HgbC) Sickle Cell
Sickle cell (Hgb E) Sickle Cell Thalassemia
Less severe and less common
14. Pathophysiology of sickle cell
Answer
Cells sickle, begin to clump together and form a stoppage but it is different from a clot but can
function like a clot in stopping blood flow to certain areas
Blood becomes viscous
Prevents blood flow to tissues (especially smaller tissues) Two types of vessels affected most?
Venules and capillaries
Triggering events Stress
Traumatic event Infection
Fever Acidosis
Physical exertion Excessive cold exposure
Hypoxia is a big one because low oxygen causes more sickling which causes lower oxygen
which causes more sickling
Etc....
15. Do individuals with sickle cell have pain?
