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ANS 315 quiz 1 All Answers Correct

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ANS 315 quiz 1 All Answers Correct Three major components of a mammalian cell? ️1. plasma membrane 2. cytoplasm 3. nucleus What cell is an exception? why? ️Red blood cells because they are small in shape and their main function in the body is to carry oxygen bound to hemoglobin, they ...

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  • October 19, 2024
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ANS 315 quiz 1 All Answers Correct

Three major components of a mammalian cell? ✔️1. plasma membrane

2. cytoplasm

3. nucleus



What cell is an exception? why? ✔️Red blood cells because they are small in shape and their main
function in the body is to carry oxygen bound to hemoglobin, they don't have enough capacity to carry a
nucleus (do not contain DNA or can synthesize any RNA)



*their structure and their function is the main reason why RBC are the exception*



Plasma membrane characteristics ✔️



average chemical composition? ✔️50% lipid

40% protein

10% carbohydrate



the plasma membrane has three total layers called the? ✔️lipid bilayer



lipid bilayer ✔️a. polar (hydrophilic) molecules on the outer surface that contacts the extracellular
matrix/fluid and on the inner surface that contacts the cytoplasm of the cell



b. apolar (non-polar, hydrophobic, lipid) molecules between the two layers of polar. Thus, lipid is a
central core of a plasma membrane sandwiched between two layers of protein



what are intrinsic proteins? ✔️- receptors for regulators of cellular function, such as hormones.



- generally penetrate the thickness of plasma membrane and extend from outside to inside of a cell

,osmoregulation of the plasma membrane? ✔️it is for the cytoplasm and the nucleus



Plasma membrane funcitons ✔️



determines the shape of the cell ✔️contains *cholesterol*, adjusts the fluidity and flexibility of the
membrane



What part of the plasma membrane helps provide flexibility? ✔️cholesterol (transmembrane proteins)



regulatory functions ✔️hydrophilic (water-loving) and hydrophobic regions determine most
permeability characteristics to water, gas, molecules



protective functions ✔️water impermeable barrier. prevents simple diffusion of water soluble particles
and molecules.



Maintains homeostasis- body temp, gases, glucose, concentration, etc.



Interactions ✔️environment and adjacent cells. exterior proteins are variable among cells, allowing
functional differences between cells.



Plasma membrane is approximately half what? ✔️lipid



plasma membrane helps maintain what and keep what in the body? ✔️helps maintain homeostasis and
helps keep osmotic in the body



carbohydrate chain in the plasma membrane helps do what? ✔️helps provide identity badge for the
cell to help other molecules in the body to recognize what type of cell it is and whether it belongs or is
foreign

, intrinsic proteins (PM) ✔️on exterior or transmembrane



extrinsic proteins (PM) ✔️bound to surface of membrane (not embedded), most are on the inside of
the cell, often bound to intrinsic protein



Nucleus ✔️



the outer boundary of nucleus- bilayer composition like the plasma membrane? ✔️nuclear membrane



granules rich with RNA- site of synthesis of ribosomes for *protein synthesis* ✔️Nucleolus



diverse molecules including, but not limited to:

-Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

-Histonal protein

-non-histonal protein



(helps provide the double helix structure of DNA) ✔️chromatin



DNA wrapped around histonal protein ✔️nucleosome



nucleotides are linked covalently to form what? ✔️DNA

for example, ATGC



Segments of DNA form functional unites called? ✔️genes



what are the synthetic products of genes? ✔️DNA and mRNA



"DNA synthesis" is necessary for cell division ✔️DNA

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