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RT 335 Chapter 13 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, CB, and EMP Exam
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RT 335 Chapter 13 Chronic Obstructive PulmonaryDisease, CB, and EMP Exam
The American Thoracic Society
- Acronym - ATS
- Make Guidelines for way patients are treated for EMP, CB, COPD
Obstrictive
- Flow issue
- Blocks Airflow
Restrictive
- Volume issue
- Don't Allow
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Preventable & Treatable
- Not fully reversible
- Air flow limitation (progressive)
Primarily Caused by Smoking
Chronic Bronchitis
- Chronic productive cough lasting at least 3 months over a minimum of 2 years
- Other causes have to be excluded
Emphysema
- Permanent enlargement of air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles
,- Destruction of walls and without obvious fibrosis
- Alveoli gets bigger
Patients with COPD
- Both CB & EMP could be present
- CB based on major clinical manifestations ( alot Suptum production)
- Emphysema based on pathology
Anatomic Alterations of the Lungs with Chronic Bronchitis
- Chronic inflammation
- Thickening of the wall of the peripheral airways
- Excessive mucus
- Mucus plugging
- Smooth muscle constriction (Bronchospasms)
- Air trapping
- Alveoli Hyperinflation
Anatomic Alterations of the Lungs with Emphysema
- Permanent enlargement and destruction of the air spaces distal to the terminal
bronchioles
- Destruction of alveolar
-Weakening of the distal airways
-Air trapping and hyperinflation
, Etiology and Epidemiology
- 10 and 15 million people in the United States either have chronic bronchitis,
emphysema, or a combination of both
- COPD is under diagnosed
Risk Factors for COPD according to GOLD
- Genetic predisposition:
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
- Age and Gender
- Exposure to particles:
Tobacco smoke
Occupational dusts and chemicals
Indoor or Outdoor air pollution
- Socioeconomic status
- CB
- TB
- Respiratory infections
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