NURS 211 (Statistics) (Full review)
nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio - ANS What are the 4 Levels of Measurement?
Hint: N.O.I.R
Categorical variable - ANS A variable that has a finite number of classification groups/
categories, which are usually qualitative in nature
Continuous variable - ANS A variable that has an infinite number of potential values, with value
being measured falling somewhere on a continuum containing in-between values.
Empirical method - ANS What method is a way of gathering information through systematic
observation and experimentation?
Parameter - ANS ___________ is a measurable characteristic of a population
Statistic - ANS _____________ is an estimate derived from a sample
- numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a sample
Estimate - ANS _____________ is a preliminary approximation
Qualitative measure - ANS What measure describes or characterizes an attribute?
- data in words
ex. The day is "warm" or "cold"
Quantitative measure - ANS What measure reflects a numeric amount?
- data in numbers
ex. writing down the temperature for the day
Nominal - ANS Marital status: you're either married (together)/ divorce(not together) Is an
example of what level of measurement?
Hint: sounds like "Name/Nom"
- no order, either has it or doesn't
Ordinal - ANS Pain scale, stress scale (ex: low, medium, high stress level) is an example of
what level of measurement?
,Hint: sounds like "Ordered"
- no equal interval between the values
- Comparison between smaller value to bigger value
Interval - ANS Temperature and Student tests are examples. What level of measurement?
- Ordered,
- Equal ___________ between values
- No true "zero"
Ratio - ANS Tests such as: Blood pressure, (if patient's BP is 0 then they're in trouble, heart
isn't beating, dead = true zero),
- blood sugar, renal function, glascow coma scale, BMI etc. Are examples of what level of
measurement?
-Ordered
- Equal interval between values
- Has a true zero
- Very precise, accuracy (best for healthcare)
- bodily measures ex.) there can be 0 weight gain
Dependent variable - ANS The _________________ is the outcome factor.
- The variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.
- Depends on independent variable
Independent variable - ANS The _______________ is the variable that experimenter can
change
- influences dependent variables.
Mean - ANS ____________(M)
- average,
[Calculation: add all numbers then, divide by number of values]
Ex: Videos, Reading
- Good for interval and ratio data
- Best measure for symmetrical distribution of data
Median - ANS ___________- middle (Medium)
[Calculation: Arrange in order,
, Number is odd = middle value
Number is even = mean of the middle values]
Ex: Odd (reading), Even (videos)
- Works for Ordinal, interval and ratio data
- Good for asymmetrical data distribution
- Not appropriate for nominal data
Mode - ANS ___________ - sounds like "Most", most frequent number
[Calculation: arrange number in order, count the number that shows up most frequently]
- Only appropriate for nominal data
- Can also be used for ordinal, interval and ratio data
(Patients score - Sample mean) ÷ (Standard deviation/ SD) - ANS Z-score
Points out outlier patients/ defiant patients
Ex) patients way below or above a scale
captures how much people deviate from the mean/defy the average
What is the formula for Z-scores?
Formula:
___________ ÷ ___________ = Z-score
Normal distribution - ANS What kind of distribution has the:
- Measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) all fall in the same midline point? (ALL
EQUAL)
- Bell shaped
- Has a mean of 0 and Standard deviation of 1
Standard Deviation (SD) - ANS - The average distance that values in a distribution are from the
centre
- Indicates how far a value is from the mean value.
Low SD = values are close to the mean (homogenous sample)
High SD = values spread out over a large range (heterogeneous sample)
What measures how much variation exists in distribution?
Probability - ANS The chance that a particular outcome will occur
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