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OST 575 Exam Hepatobiliary disorders |Questions with 100% Correct Answers
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OST 575 Exam Hepatobiliary disorders |Questions with 100% Correct Answers
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OST 575 Exam Hepatobiliary disorders|Questions with 100% Correct Answers
What is a cholestasis indicator? - ✔️✔️Alkaline phosphatase
What is the most common category of liver disease that results in acute liver failure? - ✔️✔️Drug
induced liver injury (DILI)
What are some of the mechanisms of drug induced liver injury? - ✔️✔️Direct hepatotoxicity
(direct damage to hepatocytes)
Conversion of drug to actively toxic metabolite
Stimulation of an immune reaction
What are the two clinicopathologic patterns of drug induced liver injury? - ✔️✔️Drugs that cause
predictable, dose-dependent reactions in most people
Idiosyncratic reactions, independent of dose and only occurring in rare people
What is the wide spectrum of ways alcohol can cause damage to the liver? - ✔️✔️Steatosis
hepatits
cirrhosis
What is the specific mechanism of how steatosis occurs? - ✔️✔️when *ethanol* is broken down
into acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase, NAD+ is converted to NADH
*NADH in excess prevents fatty acid oxidation, causing triglyceride build up*
Alcohol induced inflammation (hepatitis) is characterized by release of abundant cytokines
from what cells? - ✔️✔️Kupffer cells
, What are present microscopically of someone with liver damage due to alcohol? - ✔️✔️Mallory
bodies
What are Mallory bodies? - ✔️✔️intracytoplasmic masses of tangled up, cytoskeletal keratin
proteins
What is seen upon microscopy of someone with a fatty liver? - ✔️✔️Hepatocyte swelling
(ballooning hepatocytes)
What are the main pathology features of Acute hepatitis caused by viral infection? -
✔️✔️Mononuclear infiltrate (T lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages)
Lobular hepatitis
Necrotic or apoptotic hepatocytes (*councilman body*)
Chronic hepatitis is much more dominated by inflammation not in the lobules but where? -
✔️✔️portal tracts = *triaditis*
In some cases of acute hepatitis, necrosis can occur and where does it normally occur if it does
happen? - ✔️✔️around central vein
Pale nodules present on a gross liver specimen represent what? - ✔️✔️necrosis occurring around
central veins in acute viral hepatitis
What will occur if a patient survives the necrosis that can occur in acute viral hepatitis? -
✔️✔️Venous outflow will be impaired, leading to post-hepatic, venous induced cirrhosis
What type of cell is predominant in chronic viral hepatitis? - ✔️✔️T lymphocytes (from triaditis)
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