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CRIM 249 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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CRIM 249 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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CRIM 249 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSQuantitative Data - Answers-Numerical data, usually utilize large representative
samples, good for broad patterns, often expensive, and lacking in detail
Criminology - Answers-The scientific study of crime as a social phenomenon. It is a
nomothetic, research based discipline that is heavy in theory
Deviance - Answers-Something that violates a social norm and that can lead to a
negative rezones by society. Things people find offensive or devalue or condemn.
Institutionalized deviants - Answers-people who will be viewed as deviants in most or all
contexts and cannot shake that ex. person with piercings all over
rare deviants - Answers-people who are deviant sometimes but otherwise are treated as
normal ex. drunk person
Crime - Answers-action or failure to act that is: prohibited by law, and subject to legal
sanction. Determined by statue, common law, decree
Crime and Deviance - Answers-most crime is deviant but not all deviance is crime
Mala in se - Answers-illegal because they are wrong/ bad. strong agreement about
these laws across societies and across times. ex. most violent crimes, theft of tangible
property, crimes against children
mala prohibita - Answers-wrong because they are illegal, laws are more contextual, acts
do not tend to have direct victims, ex. consensual sex crimes, most drug crimes, laws
governing clothing
Consensus Perspective - Answers-Laws come from agreement by majority of society.
Reflect mainstream values. Common with certain types of crimes with large agreement
(murder)
Conflict Perspective - Answers-Laws come from powerful groups in society - political,
economic, religious groups. law intended to maintain the power of those groups.
Pluralist Perspective - Answers-Laws come through a process of debate. outcome of a
fair political process. could be a minority position, but can be law.
Interactionalist Perspective - Answers-laws come from powerful people, moral
crusaders. Utilize media and labels. stigmatize behaviors, create laws for their moral
reasons. morals are subjective
, Theories - Answers-A scientific explanation of some phenomena. uses objective
evidence and systematic observation. provides a rational explanation of that evidence.
needs to be testable and falsifiable
Theories are NOT - Answers-Beliefs, Opinions, Value-driven explanations, Untestable
Scientific Theories versus Scientific Laws - Answers-Scientific law: factual observation
with no known exceptions. Scientific theory: a working explanation for observations
Why do we need theories of crime? - Answers-Human behavior is complicated. There
are many different potential explanations for the same relationship. if we want to change
behavior, we need to understand it and make accurate predictions
Macro-level theories - Answers-focus on broad patterns, social structures, and crime
rates (places, countries, institutions)
Micro-level theories - Answers-focus on individuals or groups to explain behaviors
bridging theories - Answers-explain how individual behaviors connect to social
structures or how social structures affect individual behaviors
Research ethics: historical context - Answers-problems: harms to health, no
confidentiality protections, lack of oversight, no follow up, socially disadvantaged
populations were often unwitting subjects
Research ethics: today - Answers-institutional Review Boards (IRB) provide approval
and oversight of human subjects research. Code of Federal regulations, protect privacy
of subjects and confidentiality of data, accurately report findings and data
Qualitative Data - Answers-data describing characteristics of things. Common with
demographic data. often in the form of notes and summaries. can be themes
interoperations and more. provides greater detail and requires few resources
Elements of a crime (relevant to reporting) - Answers-offender, victim, offense, incident
UCR - Answers-Official source of crime data. Commonly used by government agencies,
Criminologist and other researchers, news reports, politicians and political groups.
Crimes known to the police.
National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) - Answers-
Part I offenses: index crimes (focus) - Answers-Violent Part I Offenses: criminal
homicide, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault
Property Part I offenses: burglary, Larceny-theft, motor-vehicle theft, arson
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