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CRIM 249 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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CRIM 249 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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CRIM 249 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSThree variables that directly affect deterrence? - Answers-- Certainty of Punishment
- Celerity/Swiftness of Punishment
- Severity of Punishment
Deterrable Offenders - Answers-Offenders who can be corrected through punishment
Incorrigible Offenders - Answers-An offender who is unable to be reformed and
corrected
General Deterrence - Answers-Deterring a mass group of people from committing a
crime
Ex. Scared straight programs showing kids the most brutal outcomes of actions you
want to deter them from like lung cancer from drugs
Specific Deterrence - Answers-Dissuading an individual from repeating an offense
Ex. If you get caught with gum in gym class you have to stick it up your nose
Upperworld Crime - Answers-Breaking laws available to you due to your position
Ex. White-collar Crime or using a job position in a company or bank to embezzle
Underworld Crime - Answers-Crime that is hidden from the public/secretive organized
crime
Ex. Gangs
Most effective deterrent of crime? - Answers-Certainty of Punishment
Bounded Rationality - Answers-Individuals consider the risks and costs of theirs crimes
in a limited way, but do not carefully consider all the information and options
Least effective deterrent of crime? - Answers-Severity of Punishment (DP has no clear
deterrent effect on homicide)
Celerity (Speed) of Punishment - Answers-How fast a punishment occurs after the crime
Ex. Getting a parking ticket today vs in 6 months
What does Beccaria's deterrence theory have in common with Cornish and Clarke's
chapter on rational choice theory? - Answers-They both recognize the importance of
formal and informal costs of crime
According to modern criminology research, there is no solid evidence mandatory
minimums and longer sentences have produced significant marginal general deterrence
T/F? - Answers-True
, Instrumental Crime - Answers-Crimes that will help you, your future, that you will gain
something from; you have a reason and goal in mind/thinking more logically
Ex. Theft
Expressive Crime - Answers-Crimes of passion
Ex. Killing a cheating spouse after walking in on them
Are Instrumental or Expressive Crimes more deterrable? - Answers-Instrumental Crimes
because you have a goal for this crime, you are logically planning this.
Ex. Store owners can expect you will want to steal clothing so they put tags on it to be
set off by alarms
High Commitment Criminals - Answers-Going to commit crime no matter what;
dedicated to the crimes; in and out of the prison systems; very hard to deter
Ex. Drug dealers and smugglers that go back to their business after being caught
Low Commitment Criminals - Answers-Easily deterrable, only commit crime if it is
convenient to them
Ex. Ringing in a lower priced apple at self check out
Who are more deterrable Low Commitment Criminals or High Commitment Criminals? -
Answers-Low Commitment Criminals because they aren't as set in place for committing
crimes; its usually smaller convenient and easy stuff
Petty (unorganized) Crime - Answers-Unorganized, small scale crime; like petty theft
Lucrative (organized) Crime - Answers-Organized, major complex crimes
Least available type of crime to the general public? - Answers-Lucrative, organized
upperworld or underworld crime
Most available type of crime to the general public? - Answers-Petty, unorganized
Acute Conformists - Answers-Individuals who conform to the social groups they're
placed in, whether that be law-abiding peer groups or law-breaking peer groups; they
will do what everyone else is doing
Which criminologists extend deterrence theory by adding a focus on punishment
avoidance? - Answers-Warr and Stafford's
Different groups in society having different definitions favorable to crime or unfavorable
to crime is the definition of?
A. Sutherland's concept of differential social organization
B. Beccaria's concept of deterrence
C. Chambliss's concept of high-commitment criminals
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