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  • October 20, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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Back Anatomy study reviewed exam
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- Spinotransversalis - CORRECT ANSWERS-- extends from the cranium down along
the spinal column allowing rotation and movement of head; one muscle split into 2
segments

"The back is like an onion. Every time... - CORRECT ANSWERS-I peel back a layer,
there is another layer underneath." CIAN.

******ALL 4 layers of the intrinsic back muscles are innervated by the

ALL muscles are supplied segmentally by the - CORRECT ANSWERS-dorsal primary
rami of the spinal nerves according to their relation to the spinal cord;

deep cervical artery, the posterior intercostal anterior artery, the subcostal anterior
artery, and/or the lumbar anterior artery

1. The superficial extrinsic muscles are axio-appendicular muscles that serve the upper
limb:

Posterior Axio-appendicular & Scapulohumeral muscles - CORRECT ANSWERS-they
are arranged in three laminae/layers


- posterior axio-appendicular or back muscles : made up of intrinsic & extrinsic muscles
- scapulohumeral muscles : Deltoid muscle, Teres major & Rotator cuff muscles (SITS).

2. Apart from the Trapezius which is innervated by the
all extrinsic muscles are innervated by the

, whereas the intrinsic muscles of the back are innervated by the - CORRECT
ANSWERS-11th cranial (Accessory) nerve,

anterior/ventral primary rami,

posterior/dorsal primary rami,

3. The intrinsic muscles of the back provide primary extension and proprioception for
posture; they work synergistically with the - CORRECT ANSWERS-antero-lateral
abdominal muscles to stabilize the trunk,

4. The suboccipital muscles are located in the area inferior to the occipital bone and
deep to the - CORRECT ANSWERS-Semispinalis capitis muscle,

5. The suboccipital muscles extend between the occipital bone of the skull and
atlas/axis vertebrae; they are innervated by the - CORRECT ANSWERS-suboccipital
nerve and provide proprioceptive information concerning movement at craniovertebral
joints,

A congenital anomaly involving the absence of the dens of axis is most likely to affect
which ligament?
A. Transverse ligament of the atlas B. Alar ligament C. Ligamentum Nuchae D. Tectorial
ligament - CORRECT ANSWERS-B. Alar ligament

A congenital anomaly made it impossible for a young boy to adduct his scapula, which
nerve/muscle pair is involved? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Latissimus Dorsi and
Thoracodorsal Nerve

A laminectomy is a




In surgery a laminectomy is usually performed to - CORRECT ANSWERS-
surgical/anatomical excision of one or more spinous processes with adjacent laminae in
a particular region of the vertebral column, in order to gain access to the vertebral canal.

relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots caused by a tumor, a herniated disc
or bony hypertrophy (causing spinal stenosis). The cuts are made on the pedicles and
laminae, as shown below in Fig.12.

A pilot who lost the function of his parachute was lucky to come out with only a fall on
his back with crush injury of some muscles of the back and dorsal primary rami : which
of those injured muscles are innervated by these nerves?
A. Splenius
B. Iliocostalis

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