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NMTCB Board Prep Questions and Answers 100% Solved
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Exam of 35 pages for the course NMTCB at NMTCB (NMTCB Board Prep)
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NMTCB Board PrepNuclides with the same atomic number ( the same number of protons) but a different
number of neutrons are called: - answer isotopes
Two nuclides with the same atomic mass but different atomic numbers are called: -
answer isobars
A nuclide that emits particulate or photon energy to achieve a more stable state: -
answer radionuclide
Another name for a helium ion containing two protons and two neutrons: - answer alpha
particle
What is a beta particle? - answeran electron
Why are alpha and beta particles not used for imaging? - answer They do not efficiently
exit the body, so they can not/ are hard to detect
What ratio of protons and neutrons favors beta decay? - answerA low proton-to-neutron
ratio, as compared with stable nuclei
What is the relationship between the mean energy and the maximum energy of a beta
spectrum? - answerThe mean energy is about one-third of the max energy
What ratio of protons and neutrons favors positron decay? - answerA high proton-to-
neutron ratio
What two particles are emitted from the nucleus during beta decay? - answerA beta
particle and an antineutrino
Two nuclides with the same number of neutrons but different atomic numbers are
called: - answerIsotones
What particles are released from the nucleus during positron decay? - answerA positron
and a neutrino
What is the minimum amount of nuclear energy needed required for positron decay? -
answer1.02 MeV
What is the fate of a positron? - answerTo travel a short distance, combine with an
electron, and be annihilated
,When a positron is annihilated via combination with an electron, the result is the
production of __________. - answertwo nearly opposed 511-keV photons
What ratio of protons and neutrons favors electron capture decay? - answerA high
proton-to-neutron ratio
What particle is released from the nucleus during electron capture decay? - answerA
neutrino
What is released from the nucleus during isometric transition? - answerGamma rays
Other than wavelength, frequency, and energy intensity, the fundamental difference
between x-rays and gamma rays is _______. - answerX-rays are produced from energy
released due to changes in the quantum levels/values of orbital electrons of an atom,
while gamma rays are produced from energy shifts within the nucleus
When energy from a nuclear transition results in the emission of an orbital electron
rather than a gamma ray, this processes is called: - answerinternal conversion
Internal conversion electrons increase the radiation dose to the patient because
____________. - answerenergy from the electron is absorbed into the patients body
When energy from an orbital transition results in the emission of an orbital electron
rather than an x-ray, the electron is called ___________. - answeran Auger electron
What dose the term metastable mean? - answerWhen an isomeric state is long lived
After an electron is ejected from an inner shell orbital, what occurs? - answerOuter shell
electrons release energy by moving to now unoccupied, less energetic inner orbitals;
the energy released by this transition is termed "characteristic of x-ray radiation"
What are the two methods used to create synthetically radioactive materials? -
answerRadioactive materials are produced by bombarding a target material with either
ions or with neutrons
What is used to bombard elements with neutrons? - answernuclear reactor
What is used to bombard elements with protons? - answeraccelerator (linear or
cyclotron)
What are five cyclotron produced radionuclides? - answerIn-111, I-123, Ga-67, F-18,
and Tl-201
What is a carrier-free radioisotope? - answerA radioisotope that does not contain any
nonradioactive species
,What does the term activity mean? - answerThe rate of disintegration of a radionuclide
The unit of activity equivalent to 3.7 x 10^10 dps is called __________. - answerthe
curie
What is a becquerel (Bq)? - answerThe derived unit of radioactivity used by modern
metric system, the SI, is called the becquerel. The Bq is equal to one dps or 2.7027 x
10^-11 Ci.
A one-millicurie dose of a radiopharmaceutical is equal to how many becquerels? -
answer37 million (37 MBq)
What does the term specific activity mean? - answerThe ratio of activity per unit mass
What are some specific activities? - answermCi/mg, mCi/mole, MBq/mg, or MBq/mole
The time that it takes for a radionuclide to decay to one-half of its original activity is call
its __________ half-life. - answerphysical
What is the relationship between the physical half-life and the decay constant? -
answerTheir product equals 0.693
The time that is required for a substance in the body to be reduced to half of its
concentration via biological excretion or metabolism is called its ____________ half-life.
- answerbiological
Which type of half-life refers to the overall loss of radioactivity from the body due to
physical and biological decay? - answereffective half-life
What is the relationship between the effective half-life, biological half-life, and physical
half-life? - answer1/ physical half-life + 1/biological half-life = 1/effective half-life
A common type of transient equilibrium is a _______ generator. - answerMo99/Tc99m
When a daughter of a radionuclide has a half-life longer than that of the of the parent,
there is __________ equilibrium. - answerno
When a parent half-life is much longer than that of the daughter, there is ___________
equilibrium. - answersecular
What are the components of a Mo99/Tc99m generator system? - answerAlumina
(Al203) column loaded with Mo99, an eluting solvent, an evacuated collecting vial, and
shielding
, How is a Mo99/Tc99m generator system eluted? - answerTc99m is removed by passing
saline through the column
Maximum buildup of Tc99m in a Mo99/Tc99m generator system occurs after ________
hours. - answer23
What does the term breakthrough mean when applied to a radionuclide generator
system? - answerA breakthrough occurs when some parent radionuclide elutes off the
column along with a daughter nuclide
What are the major emissions of Tc99m? - answer140 keV photons
By what method does Tc99m decay? - answerisomeric transition
What are the possible valence states of Tc99m? - answereight oxidation states from -1
to +7
What is the valence state and chemical form of Tc99m eluted from a generator? -
answerIn pertechnetate, Tc is in the +7 oxidation state
Pertechnetate must first be __________ to a valence state of +4 prior to incorporation
into most chelates. - answerreduced
Reduction of technetium in commercial radiopharmaceutical kits is generally achieved
with ___________. - answerstannous ion
What is the single radiopharmaceutical in which technetium is not reduced from its +7
oxidation state - answersulfur colloid
Where does intravenously administered Tc99m pertechnetate concentrate? - answerIn
the stomach, salivary glands, thyroid, small and large bowel, choroid plexus, lactating
breasts, and kidneys
For lung perfusion scanning with Tc99m MAA, how many particles are typically
administered? - answer200,000 to 500,000
What is the mode of decay for I-123? - answerelectron capture
What is the mode of decay for I -131? - answerbeta emission
What does gallium bind to in plasma? - answertransferrin
What element does gallium mimic? - answeriron
What is the half-life of gallium-67? - answer3.24 days (78 hrs)
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