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ATLS Shock EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWER
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ATLS Shock EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWER
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ATLS Shock EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERwhat is included in hemorrhagic shock? - answer>>>-cardiogenic, cardiac tamponade, tension
pneumothorax, neurogenic shock, and septic shock
-even without blood loss, most non-hemorrhagic shock states transiently improve with volume
resuscitation
what is cardiogenic shock? - answer>>>-myocardial dysfunction can be caused by blunt cardiac
injury, cardiac tamponade, air embolus, or rare myocardial infarction
-suspect blunt cardiac injury when mechanism of injury to thorax involves rapid deceleration
-All patients with blunt thoracic trauma need continuous EKG monitoring to detect injury
patterns and dysrhythmias
may be secondary to myocardial infarction in elderly or cocaine intoxication
-cardiac enzyme levels may assist in diagnosis and treating injured patients in emergency
department cause acute myocardial ischemia may be precipitating event
How is vascular access accomplished? - answer>>>-inserting 2 large caliber (minimum 18 gauge
in adult) peripheral intravenous catheters
what are most desirable sites for peripheral percutaneous IV lines in adults? -
answer>>>forearms and antecubital veins
what do you do if peripheral access cannot be obtained? - answer>>>consider placement of
intraosseous needle for temporary access
If circumstances prevent use of peripheral veins then what? - answer>>>clinicians may initiate
large caliber central venous access
what is there to know about intraosseous access? - answer>>>it is especially designed for
possible use in all age groups
, what labs should be drawn once IVs are started? - answer>>>-blood samples for type and cross
match, appropriate lab analyses, toxicology studies, pregnancy tests for all females of
childbearing age, and blood gas
what about inserting subclavian or internal jugular lines? - answer>>>must get a chest x-ray to
document position of line and evaluate for pneumothorax or hemothorax
are central venous access lines good in emergency situations? - answer>>>no. They should be
performed in a more controlled environment as soon as patient's condition permits
initial fluid therapy - answer>>>-administer warmed fluid bolus of isotonic fluid
-usually dose: adults: 1 liter
-pediatric patients weighing less than 40kg: 20mL/kg
-absolute volumes of resuscitation fluid should be based on patient response to fluid
administration, keep in mind this initial fluid amount includes any fluid given in prehospital
setting
-Assess patient's response to fluid resuscitation and identify evidence of adequate end-organ
perfusion and tissue oxygenation
-Persisted infusion of large volumes of fluid and blood in attempt to achieve normal blood
pressure is not substitute for definitive control of bleeding
what is the goal of resuscitation? - answer>>>restore organ perfusion and tissue oxygenation
which is accomplished with administering crystalloid solution and blood products to replace lost
intravascular volume
-if BP increases rapidly before hemorrhage has been definitively controlled more bleeding can
occur. for this reason administering excess crystalloid solution can be harmful
Measuring Patient's response to fluid therapy - answer>>>-same signs and symptoms of
inadequate perfusion used to diagnose shock help determine patient's response to therapy
-return of normal BP, pulse pressure, pulse rate are signs perfusion is returning to normal
-volume of urinary output is a sensitive indicator of renal perfusion
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