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NUR 176 Exam 1 pt. 1 Glucose Regulation and Diabetes Mellitus Exam
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NUR 176 Exam 1 pt. 1 Glucose Regulation and Diabetes Mellitus Exam
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NUR 176 Exam 1 pt. 1 GlucoseRegulation and Diabetes Mellitus
Exam
Glucose Regulation - -The process of maintaining optimal blood glucose
levels
-glycogen - -animal starch
-glycogeneolysis - -the breakdown of glycogen to glucose
-counter-regulatory hormones - -oppose the action of other hormones
(glycogen, cortisol, steroids)
-insulin - -produced, stored and released by the pancreatic beta cells
secreted by beta cells in response to increase levels of glucose in the blood
-insulin resistance - -a state by which the body cells respond abnormally to
the signaling action of insulin: body doesn't utilize insulin properly
-glucogenesis - -process of producing glucose from non-carbohydrate
sources
body breaks down protein and fats for energy
-euglycemia - -normal glucose levels
70-140
-hyperglycemia - -a result of insufficient insulin production or secretion,
excessive counter-regulatory hormone secretion or deficient hormone
signaling
blood glucose levels: > 149
-hypoglycemia - -low glucose related to poor nutrition as a result of adverse
reaction to medications, excessive exercise, disease
blood glucose levels: < 70
-glucagon - -secreted by alpha cells in response to decreased levels of
glucose in the blood
-glucose regulation: populations at risk - -pregnant women
infants
older adults
American Indians, Alaska natives, hispanic/lation, asian Americans
, -glucose regulation: individual risk factors - -genetic risk factor
poor diet: increased saturated and trans-fatty acid, decreased fiber intake
chronic conditions
medications: insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents, corticosteroids, estrogen,
ACE inhibitors
-hypoglycemia: symptoms - -weakness
dizziness
headache
hunger
blurred vision
difficulty concentrating
feeling shaky
palpitations
muscle tremors
dehydration
no ketones
-hypoglycemia: mental status - -anxious
irritable
confused
seizures
unconsciousness
coma
-hypoglycemia: skin - -diaphoresis
cool
clammy
-hypoglycemia: respiratory and cardiovascular - -tachycardia
no change in respirations
-hyperglycemia: symptoms - -nausea
vomiting
abdominal cramps
fatigue
excessive hunger
excessive thirst
dehydration
polyuria
ketones
-hyperglycemia: mental status - -range from alert to confused and coma
-hyperglycemia: skin - -warm
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