A patient in the ICU experiences difficulty breathing in during exercise following trauma
to his sternum. Which muscle involved in respiration was likely injured in this patient,
leading to this condition?
A) Diaphragm
B) Sternocleidomastoid
C) External intercostal
D) Scalene
B
The nurse is explaining to a young patient with asthma how air is conducted from his nose
through his airways to the alveoli in his lungs. Which of the following represents the correct
order of airways?
A) Nasopharynx, oropharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
B) Trachea, nasopharynx, oropharynx, bronchi, bronchioles
C) Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, nasopharynx, oropharynx
D) Oropharynx, nasopharynx, trachea, bronchioles, bronchi
A
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The nurse is explaining to a patient in the ICU who has experienced a pneumothorax the role of
the alveoli in respiration. The nurse should mention that which of the following are present in the
alveoli? Select all that apply.
,A) Macrophages
B) Surfactant
C) Epiglottis
D) Bronchus
A, B
A premature infant is experiencing infant respiratory distress syndrome in the NICU. The nurse
recognizes that this condition is most likely caused by which of the following?
A) Defective type I alveolar cells
B) An obstruction at the right bronchus
C) Negative intrapleural pressure
D) Immature type II alveolar cells
D
A patient is experiencing poor perfusion in his right thorax as a result of suspected partially
occluded arteries. Occlusion in which artery or arteries would cause this? Select all that apply.
A) Aorta
B) Internal mammary
C) Subclavian
D) Intercostal
B, C, D
A patient in the ICU with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has mucous secretions
throughout her respiratory system. Her breathing is highly labored. What is the primary cause of
her labored breathing?
A) Decreased airway resistance due to increased airway diameter
B) Excessive surfactant
C) Increased airway resistance due to decreased airway diameter
D) Increased lung compliance
C
A patient with pulmonary edema is experiencing respiratory distress. The nurse
recognizes that which factor affecting gas exchange is most likely responsible for the patients
dyspnea?
A) Surface area available for diffusion
B) Thickness of the alveolar-capillary membrane
, C) Partial pressure of alveolar gas
D) Solubility and molecular weight of the gas
B
A patient is recovering from severe altitude sickness after a failed attempt to climb Mount
Everest. Which factor affecting gas exchange was most likely responsible for the patients
illness?
A) Surface area available for diffusion
B) Thickness of the alveolar-capillary membrane
C) Partial pressure of alveolar gas
D) Solubility and molecular weight of the gas
C
A patient in the ICU with pneumothorax is experiencing a ventilation-perfusion imbalance.
Which type of imbalance is the patient most likely experiencing?
A) Physiological shunt
B) Anatomical shunt
C) Alveolar dead space
D) Silent unit
D
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A patient in the ICU experiences an asthma attack after a guest brings her a flower
arrangement. Stimulation of which receptors is most associated with the patients asthma
attack?
A) Stretch receptors
B) Peripheral chemoreceptors
C) Irritant receptors
D) Juxtacapillary receptors
C
The patient has experienced a mediastinal shift to the left. Several structures or functions will be
compromised by this condition. What is the most significant effect?
A) Right lung will be compressed.
B) Cardiac output will be diminished.
C) Point of maximal impulse will be displaced.
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