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FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING PHARMACOLOGY. ALL PHARMACOLOGY EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (ALREADY GRADED A+) (2024 UPDATE)
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FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING PHARMACOLOGY. ALL PHARMACOLOGY EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (ALREADY GRADED A+) (2024 UPDATE)

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  • October 20, 2024
  • 16
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • Nursing pharmacology
  • Nursing pharmacology

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FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING PHARMACOLOGY. ALL

PHARMACOLOGY EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS AND CORRECT

ANSWERS (ALREADY GRADED A+) (2024 UPDATE)

Epidural - ANSWER- injected into epidural space.


Intrapleural - ANSWER- injected into the pleural cavity.


Intraperitoneal - ANSWER- injected into the peritoneal cavity.


Intraosseous - ANSWER- injected into the rich vascular network of a long bone.


Intra-articular - ANSWER- injected into a joint.


Intrathecal - ANSWER- injected into the spinal canal.


Absorption (pharmacokinetics) - ANSWER- progress of a drug from the time it's administered

through the time it passes to the tissues, until it becomes available for use by the body.


Passive transport - ANSWER- requires no cellular energy because the drug moves from an area

of higher concentration to one of lower concentration (DIFFUSION).

-Ex. Oral drugs use passive transport (move from higher in GI to lower in blood).


DIFFUSION - ANSWER- occurs when small molecules diffuse across membranes. It stops

when the drug concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal.


Active transport - ANSWER- requires cellular energy to move the drug from an area of lower

concentration to one of higher concentration.

,-Ex absorb electrolytes (Na+, K+, and other drugs such as levodopa)


Pinocytosis - ANSWER- Form of active transport that occurs when a cell engulfs a drug particle

(normally FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS A, D, E, and K).


Sublingually, IV or by inhalation - ANSWER- only a few cells separate the active drug from

systemic circulation absorption occurs rapidly and the drug quickly reaches therapeutic levels in

the body (occurs W/I seconds or min).


Oral, IM, or subcut - ANSWER- absorption occurs at slower rates when drugs are administered

because the complex membrane systems of GI mucosal layer, muscle, and skin delay drug passage.


Rectally administered or sustained-release drugs - ANSWER- slowest absorption rates where

drugs take several hours or days to reach peak concentration levels.


Intestinal interference - ANSWER- most absorption of oral drugs occurs in the small intestine.

So, if a patient has decreased surface area of small intestine, then there is a decrease in time it is

being absorbed =decreased absorption


First-pass effect - ANSWER- drugs absorbed in the small intestine are transported to the liver

where the liver may metabolize much of the drug before it enter ciculation.


Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER- The absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of

drugs by the body.


Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER- The biochemical and physical effects of drugs and the

mechanisms of drug actions.


Pharmacotherapeutics - ANSWER- The use of drugs to prevent and treat diseases.

, Buccal - ANSWER- in the pouch between check and teeth (prevent destruction or

transformation in stomach or small intestine)


Sublingual - ANSWER- Under the tongue (prevent destruction or transformation in stomach

or small intestine)


Translingual - ANSWER- On the tongue (prevent destruction or transformation in stomach or

small intestine)


Gastric - ANSWER- -Allows direct administration of a drug into GI (through a tube placed

directly into GI call G-Tube)

-used when patients can't ingest orally


Intradermal - ANSWER- needle inserted 10- to 15- degree angle so it punctures only the skin's

surface (mainly diagnostics)


Intramuscular (IM) - ANSWER- Provide rapid systemic action and absorption of relatively

large doses (up to 3 ml)

-Aqueous suspensions

-solutions in oil

-drugs not available in oral


Intravenous (IV) - ANSWER- Directly into bloodstream through vein.


-drugs

-fluids

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