Exam (elaborations)
NUR 220 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) TEST | ALL Q&AS BRAND NEW GUARANTEED A++
- Course
- Institution
NUR 220 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) TEST | ALL Q&AS BRAND NEW GUARANTEED A++
[Show more]
Content preview
NUR 220 Test1. What factor does the nurse understand is the key safeguard in drug therapy?
a) Checking for allergies in a patient prior to giving a medication
b) Educating patients about drug therapy
c) Making sure that the right medication is given to the right patient
d) Making sure that each facility has bar code scanning capabilities
Answer
Educating patients about drug therapy
Educating patients is a key safeguard in drug therapy. Educating patients about drug therapy
improves adherence to drug therapy and promotes therapeutic outcomes. Patients who
understand the prescribed drug regimen have the best chance of achieving the maximum benefit
from it
2. One of the phases of drug development is the post-marketing surveillance phase. Which one
of the following activities is carried out during this phase?
a) Healthy volunteers are involved in the test.
b) In vitro tests are performed using human cells.
c) The drug is given to patients with the disease.
d) Health care providers report adverse effects to FDA.
Answer
Health care providers report adverse effects to FDA.
The post-marketing surveillance phase of drug development encourages health care professionals
to report adverse effects of drugs to the FDA using MedWatch. Phase I of clinical testing
involves 20 to 100 healthy volunteers. In vitro testing of the drug on human or animal cells is
done in the pre-FDA phase. In phase II of clinical testing, the drug is given to patients with the
disease for which the drug is manufactured.
3. The birth defects associated with thalidomide (Thalomid) resulted in legislation known as
which of the following?
a) Controlled Substances Act
b) Kefauver-Harris Act of 1962
c) Pure Food and Drug Act
d) Durham-Humphrey Amendment
Answer
,Kefauver-Harris Act of 1962
The Kefauver-Harris Act of 1962 gave the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory
control over testing and evaluating drugs and set standards for efficacy and safety. The
Controlled Substances Act defined drug abuse and classified drugs according to their potential
for abuse. The Pure Food and Drug Act prevented the marketing of adulterated drugs. The
Durham-Humphrey Amendment tightened control ofcertain drugs.
4. A drug has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Which of the following
would occur next?
a) Phase I study
b) Phase II study
c) Phase III study
d) Phase IV study
Answer
Phase IV study
Once a drug is approved, a phase IV study occurs. This is a phase of continual evaluation in
which prescribers are obligated to report to the Food and Drug Administration any untoward or
unexpected adverse effects associated with the drugs being used. A phase III study involves the
use of the drug in a vast clinical market. FDA approval occurs with completion of this phase. A
phase II study allows investigators to try out the drug in patients who have the disease that the
drug is designed to treat. A phase I study uses human volunteers for testing. This step follows
preclinical trials, which involves drug testing on laboratory animals
5. Which of the following Food and Drug Administration (FDA) pregnancy categories
indicates that animal studies on the drug have shown adverse fetal effects, but there are no
adequate studies in humans?
a) Category A
b) Category C
c) Category D
d) Category B
Answer
Category C
Category C drugs are those in which animal studies have shown adverse fetal effects, but there
are no adequate studies in humans. With Category A drugs, adequate studies in pregnant
women have not demonstrated risks to the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy, and there is
,no evidence of risk in later trimesters. With Category B drugs, animal studies have not
demonstrated a risk to the fetus, but there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.With
Category D drugs, there is evidence of human fetal risk, but the potential benefits from the use of
the drug in pregnant women may be acceptable despite its potential risks
6. During drug evaluation, chemicals that may have therapeutic value are test- ed on laboratory
animals and would be considered in which of the following stages of development?
a) Phase I
b) Preclinical
c) Phase II
d) Phase III
Answer
Preclinical
Preclinical trials involve testing potential drugs on laboratory animals. Phase I studies test
potential drugs on healthy human subjects. Phase II studies test potential drugs on patients who
have the disease the drugs are designed to treat. Phase III studies test drugs in the clinical
setting to determine any unanticipated effects or lack of effectiveness
7. A patient who reports joint pain is being seen in the rheumatology clinic. The nurse
understands that which of the following elements is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
a) Iron
b) Gold
c) Aluminum
d) Fluorine
Answer
Gold
Gold has a therapeutic use in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Aluminum has been used to
treat gastric acidity and prevent the formation of phosphate urinary stones. Iron is effective in the
treatment of iron-deficiency anemia. Fluorine (Fluoride) is used to prevent dental cavities.
8. During which phase of study are human volunteers used to test drugs?
a) Phase IV
b) Phase III
c) Phase I
, d) Phase II
Answer
Phase I
A phase I study uses human volunteers to test a drug. During phase II, clinical investigators try
out a drug with patients who have the disease that the drug is designed to treat. A phase III
study involves the use of the drug in a vast clinical market. The Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) relies on committees of experts familiar with the specialty area in which the drugs will
be used to evaluate drugs that finish phase III studies. After the FDA approves the drug for
marketing, the drug enters a phase of continual evaluation, or a phase IV study.
9. In Phase I clinical trials, the potential uses and effects are determined by which of the
following?
a) Administering doses to people with the disease
b) Administering doses to healthy volunteers
c) Administering in placebo-controlled design
d) Calculating the risk-to-benefit ratio
Answer
Administering doses to healthy volunteers
Phase I studies allow for the administration of the medication to healthy volunteers to determine
safe dosages, routes of administration, absorption, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity. In Phase
II studies, a few doses are given to a certain number of subjects with the disease or symptom for
which the drug is being studied and responses are compared with those of healthy subjects.
Placebo-controlled designs are used in the Phase III studies, in which half of the subjects
receive the new drug and half receive the placebo. Calculating the risk-to-benefit ratio isused in
Phase II studies to determine whether the potential benefits of the drug outweigh the risks.
10. A nurse is reading an article about drug development. The article reports that the drug has
been tested on laboratory animals and is now ready for the next phase. The nurse identifies this
next step as which of the following?
a) Phase II study
b) Phase III study
c) Phase I study
d) Preclinical trial
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller gradexam. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $17.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67474 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now